LinkedIn: Using Social Networking to Get Jobs Essay

LinkedIn is a social networking enterprise geared for professional networking. It differs from Facebook and MySpace in that it focuses on building networks to advance one’s career and demonstrating expertise. LinkedIn (as of March 2009) has around 36 million registered users representing 150 different industries in 200 countries. LinkedIn is all about connections: Those that know you directly (first-degree connections) and the people that each of those connection know (second-degree connections) plus the people that each of the second-degree connections know (third-degree connections), and so forth. So how do you build your network? Think about your friends, your parents friends and colleagues you’re acquainted with, your teachers, religious leaders, adult 4H or scouting contacts, neighbors, etc. Begin to gather e-mail addresses for these first-degree connections and invite them to join your network. If they are not currently on LinkedIn, invite them to put up a profile and then join your network. If you have 25 first-degree connections, each of which has an average of 25 first-degree connections, each of which have another 25 first-degree connections, you will end up with a way to connect with over 15,000 people in no time at all! LinkedIn is all about professionalism. You can’t contact someone unless you know them. People you invite to join your network can opt out if they feel they don’t know you. What you contribute to your profile and LinkedIn services (such as Answers) is expected to be related to careers and business-related interests. Use the information below (and at the recommended links given) to get started. Creating a LinkedIn Profile 1. The first thing you will need to do is to join LinkedIn, which is not only free, but offers complete security for your personal contact details. All messages are routed to you via LinkedIn; those contacting you never know  your direct e-mail unless you give it to them. To join LinkedIn, visit: https://www.linkedin.com/secure/register. 2. Next, start developing your own profile by first reading the material posted on LinkedIn’s New User Guide (http://learn.linkedin.com/new-users/), which covers these topics: Own a profile that truly represents you. Ensure your connections represent your â€Å"real-world† network. Leverage the power of your LinkedIn network! 3. Check out an extreme makeover of one person’s LinkedIn profile: see the â€Å"before† with critique at http://blog.guykawasaki.com/2007/01/linkedin_profil.html; view the â€Å"makeover† at: http://www.linkedin.com/in/guykawasaki. Searching on LinkedIn LinkedIn allows you to search profiles for diverse information and contacts. You can search for people, references of job applicants, and answers to questions on a wide variety of topics. For a complete â€Å"how-to† of LinkedIn’s search functions and advanced search tips, visit: http://learn.linkedin.com/linkedin-search/. Adhering to LinkedIn Etiquette Like all social networking activities, posting information on LinkedIn should be done with care and consideration. Remember, whatever you post online can be viewed by anyone. If there’s something you don’t want a client, family member, or employee reading, DON’T POST IT. Keep in mind the following when using LinkedIn: 1. Don’t invite someone to join your network unless you know them and they know you. 2. Don’t accept an invitation to join another person’s network unless you know them. Look at their profile if you’re unsure and see if the information gives you a clue as to how and where you met them. 3. Don’t post your e-mail address under your name on your profile. That way, you will only connect with people you know — a more secure and credible approach to using social networking. 4. Don’t apologize for inviting someone to join your network or asking for a recommendation. If you’ve carefully selected the recipient of your request, there will be no problem. Remember, everyone on LinkedIn is there to build a professional network; they understand the importance of connecting and recommending. 5. Remind people you contact how they know you. Make it easy for them to want to connect with you. 6. Try to keep your communication informal, yet professional — kind of like the conversation at a charity event with colleagues and casual friends from your community. Your knowledge and your personality are both important to convey. 7. Post only pictures on your profile that make you look professional. 8. Be very honest in your bio: your profile could be viewed by anyone and everyone. Making yourself look more qualified than you are will never work with a public profile. 9. Although it is nice to have people recommend you on LinkedIn, be sure to offer to do the same for others. If you say nice things about others, others will likely do the same for you. 10. Make sure everything you post on LinkedIn is correct in terms of grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Nothing makes a bad impression like typos and poor usage. Ask someone proficient in writing to edit your profile. When  answering or asking questions in LinkedIn Answers, first compose what you want to say in a Word document (and check spelling/grammar), and then copy and paste the text into the appropriate space on LinkedIn. Using LinkedIn Groups â€Å"LinkedIn for Groups† offers users the ability to set up a particular professional interest group (typically under a parent organization, such as an alumni group or professional organization). Then, interested members can join the group by either being invited to join or by asking for approval to do so from someone already involved. LinkedIn works to ensure that all groups are officially sanctioned by their parent organizations, including having permission to use the name/logo of the group and having relevant people involved. There are likely some 37,000 â€Å"groups† that have been set up by LinkedIn users, with some 500 of them listed in the site’s directory (www.linkedin.com/groups). Besides boosting your credibility and giving you a new avenue for seeking advice, others in the groups you join form a special sort of connection. You won’t have access to their extended networks for introductions, but you will automatically be considered a direct connection to each group’s members so that you can see their full profiles and they can appear in your search results. By joining just a few groups, you can add tens of thousands of people to your network without having to do so one at a time (and without having to be introduced one contact at a time). For more information, read the blog article at: http://blog.linkedin.com/2008/08/28/post-3-2/. The benefits of using LinkedIn Answers are many. You can increase your knowledge on any number of topics. You can offer answers to questions where you have good information to share. If your answer is rated the best by the person who posed the question, that ranking (called an expertise point) will show up in your profile and attract more people to learn about what expertise you have to offer. Learn more about using LinkedIn Answers at http://www.linkedin.com/static?key=answers_info&goback=.ahp. Getting Recommendations Having someone post a recommendation for your skills and work experience (whether they are clients, community organization leaders, or past employers) can really improve your profile. To ask for a recommendation, go  to your profile and click on the â€Å"Recommendations† tab on the left. Follow the directions to request a recommendation from someone in your network, and think carefully about the message you send that person regarding the recommendation you’re asking for. Be sure to: Pick someone who knows you well and can recommend you for specific work you have done. Give the person you are contacting some idea of what you want them to recommend you for (e.g., ask for one or two key skills you demonstrated on a recent project). If appropriate, offer to reciprocate with a recommendation of your own; for clients and employers alike, being recommended for one’s leadership and management skills is always a plus. Prefer quality over quantity: try to get those who recommend you to be brief. Be brief yourself when recommending someone. For more guidance, review this blog article on LinkedIn Recommendation Samples: http://www.aside.in/blog/networking/2006/10/02/linkedin-recommendation-examples/.

Nuremberg Trials

Where Nazi officials judged fairly during the Nuremburg Trails that followed World War II? Twenty-four major political and military leaders of Nazi Germany, indicted for aggressive war, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Of the twenty-four twenty-one were taken into custody and put on trial; these were known as the Nuremberg Trials. These trials started on November 20th 1945 and were the first ever war crime tribunal. The Trials were held by the Allied forces of World War II and were held in the city of Nuremberg in Bavaria Germany out of the Palace of Justice.Accusations placed against them were for their involvement in the Nazi Party during World War II. Nazi officials were judged unfairly during the Nuremburg Trails for a continent wide genocide that occurred within WWII and the world watched as Nazi officials got what they deserved. Lead by Adolf Hitler the Third Riech, the government in Germany at the time, adopted policies of aggressive war and persecuted minorities. Hitl er started a Europe wide systematic killing of approximately six million Jews called the Holocaust. â€Å"Holocaust† is a word of Greek origin meaning â€Å"sacrifice by fire†. USHMM). The Nazis, who came into power in Germany in 1933, believed that Germans were the superior race and deemed all others inferior, mainly the Jews, and viewed them as a threat to the community. Nearly two out of three Jews that lived in Europe at the time lost their lives due to the systematic killing. (USHMM). After establishing concentration camps to detain political and people of importance in opposing forces, Germany’s SS and police officials detained Jews and other victims of ethnic and racial hatred in these camps.The idea was to concentrate and monitor the Jewish population and also to make later deportation of the Jews easier. These camps changed into labor camps and eventually assisted in the systematic killing. Germany invaded territories and began to expand early into Hitl er’s reign, such as Czechoslovakia and Poland. After the victory in Poland, Germany began to make its way into Denmark, France, and many others making concentration camps along the way to assist in the genocide. One of the most infamous concentration camps was known as Auschwitz, based in Poland under the command of Rudolf Hoss.Auschwitz eventually became the largest Nazi camp and had an estimated total of over two million victims. The killing and building of concentration camps continue throughout 1941 and eventually become or were determined to be extermination camps. Germans begin experiments and other inhumane practices on prisoners which grows the tension throughout Europe. Towards the end of the war Nazi officials order liquidation of Jews in ghettos, a city locked down by German SS containing Jews, and in some camps, this meant the execution of the prisoners and workers. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted other groups because of their per ceived â€Å"racial inferiority†: Roma (Gypsies), the disabled, and some of the Slavic people (Poles, Russians, and others). Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and homosexuals (USHMM). During the final months of the war, SS guards moved camp prisoners by train or marches, often called â€Å"death marches,† to try to stop and prevent the Allied liberation of large numbers of prisoners.As Allied forces moved across Europe in a series of offensives against Germany, they began to encounter and liberate concentration camp prisoners, as well as prisoners en route by forced march from one camp to another. The marches continued until May 7, 1945, the day the German armed forces surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, many of the survivors found shelter in displaced persons camps administered by the Allied powers. Between 1948 and 1951, almo st 700,000 Jews immigrated to Israel, including 136,000 Jewish displaced persons from Europe.Other Jewish DPs emigrated to the United States and other nations (USHMM). The twenty-two officials were being tried for aggressive war, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Herman Goring, the second highest ranking Nazi Official, he was the Commander of the Luftwaffe, Germany’s air force. Goering was perhaps the most influential person, next to Hitler, in the Nazi organization. He was one of only 12 Nazis elected to the Reichstag in 1928. He orchestrated the Reichstag fire on February 27, 1933 and, with Goebbels assistance, used the fire as a propaganda tool against the communists.In the mid-1930's Goering was in charge of the â€Å"Aryanization† of Jewish property (JVL). Goring was sentenced to death but committed suicide the night before his execution with a cyanide capsule. Rudolf Hess served as Hitler’s deputy minister and was next in line if Goering should be u navailable for any reason. Rudolf Hess was sentenced to life imprisonment. He served over 40 years of that sentence at Spandau Prison and committed suicide in 1987 at age 93 (JVL). Hans Frank, Governor-General of the general government in Poland during World War II, was sentenced to death.Under his administration the approximately 2. 5 million Jews in the occupied territories of Poland were exploited in slave labor. Also during his administration, the extermination camps in eastern Poland were constructed implemented (JVL). Wilhelm Frick, Hitler’s Minister of the Interior, was sentenced to death due to his significant role in the formation of Nazi racial laws. He was credited with the creation of Nuremberg Laws of 1935 and 1938; laws were intended to take away rights and privileges formerly allowed to Jews.However, Julius Streicher was non-military, he was not part of the planning process of the Holocaust, nor of the invasion of Poland or the Soviet Union. But his role in pro voking the massacre of Jews was momentous enough; he was sentenced to death by hanging. Walther Funk, Hitler’s Minister of Economics and was head of the Reichsbank, which funded the economic planning for the war; he was sentenced to Life Imprisonment. Fritz Sauckel was a general for the allocation of labor. Sauckel was involved in using 5 million laborers that were imported and forced to work.He was charged with the solicitation of slave labor and sentenced to death by handing. Alfred Jodl was Chief of Operations for the German Army, he was charged with aggressive war for invasion of the Soviet Union and the destruction of Czechoslovakia. Martin Bormann was known to be uncivilized, ruthless, and brutal. His whereabouts were unconfirmed during the trials but he made such an impact that he was sentenced in absentia to death by hanging; his reputation was based on the expulsion of millions of Jews to Poland and the exploitation of Ukrainian women as slave labor.Going down the li st we find Franz von Papen, Vice Chancellor of Germany, he supported views of Hitler but the prosecution had serious difficulties linking Papen to conspiracy to initiate an aggressive war. He was eventually one of the few that were acquitted. Joachim Von Ribbentrop had recommended and supported the deportation of Jews from France and Italy to the camps in the east and urged their extermination. Under cross-examination by the British assistant prosecutor, Ribbentrop admitted that he knew of Hitler’s intention to deport all Jews from German territories and that he assisted in that process.Ribbentrop was sentenced to death by hanging (JVL). The International Military Tribunal finished its work and handed down its verdicts on October 1, 1946, ironically, on the Jewish Day of Atonement. Of the 22 defendants, 11 were given the death penalty, 3 were acquitted, 3 were given life imprisonment and four were given imprisonment ranging from 10 to 20 years. Those sentenced to death were h anged at Spandau Prison on October 6, 1946. Those acquitted were placed in the inept de-Nazification program following the trial. Those who received prison sentences were sent to Spandau Prison.The death sentences were carried out 16 October 1946 by hanging using the standard drop method instead of long drop. The U. S. army denied claims that the drop length was too short which caused the condemned to die slowly from strangulation instead of quickly from a broken neck. But evidence remains that some of the condemned men died agonizingly slowly taking from between 14 minutes to choke to death to as longs as struggling for 28 minutes. The executioner was John C. Woods. The executions took place in the gymnasium of the court building which was demolished in 1983. In his closing remarks Robert Jackson, said â€Å"The reality is that in the long perspective of history the present century will not hold an admirable position, unless its second half is to redeem its first. These two-score years in the twentieth century will be recorded in the book of years as one of the most bloody in all annals. Two World Wars have left a legacy of dead which number more than all the armies engaged in any way that made ancient or medieval history. No half-century ever witnessed slaughter on such a scale, such cruelties and inhumanities, such wholesale deportations of peoples into slavery, such annihilations of minorities.The terror of Torquemada pales before the Nazi Inquisition. These deeds are the overshadowing historical facts by which generations to come will remember this decade. If we cannot eliminate the causes and prevent the repetition of these barbaric events, it is not an irresponsible prophecy to say that this twentieth century may yet succeed in bringing the doom of civilization†Ã¢â‚¬  (JVL). For most of the world, the Nuremberg Trials were a symbolic expression of outrage over the atrocities of the Nazi organization.Once done, however, it seems that the major co ncern was to put the whole matter in the past and forget it. To use Justice Jackson’s words, that we have eliminated â€Å"the causes† and laid the basis for preventing â€Å"the repetition of these barbaric events. † In words that might portray his view today, what happened was now in history books around the world, and if something like this ever did happen again we would have a basis to be able to punish them correctly and more effectively. Not only having the basis but also having this also as a deterrent to those in later generations who may try something like this again.The question if justice was actually served can be debated for centuries because of the amount of devastation the men were involved in. Two distinct punishments of history and justice during the examination and action of Nazi war crimes and crimes against humanity has been the theme of debate ever since the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal. This was particularly debatable, and more times than not it was poorly understood, by the role of historians in the trials of National Socialist perpetrators of genocide.Addressing this issue in its logical, practical and real-world scopes, even though the objectives were similar, a comparative analysis demonstrates that both law and justice benefited from this interaction. Assuming that the humanities and injustices were served correctly and done so in a civilized manor, which in my views it was, but I believe it almost wasn’t enough. The Nazi officials had no problem knowingly and publicly displaying their views to the entire world and were not afraid during war time.Once war was over and they were at the mercy of the world they publicly embarrassed, the officials knew nothing of the plans or how they were executed, almost like they were never involved. Said best by Henry David Thoreau, â€Å"It is not a man’s duty, as a matter of course, to devote himself to the eradication of any, even the most enormous wrong; he may still properly have other concerns to encourage him; but it is his duty, at least, to wash his hands of it, and, if he gives it no thought longer, not to give him practically his support.If I devote myself to other pursuits and contemplations, I must first see, at least, that I do not pursue them sitting upon another man’s shoulders† (RWLA). In other words, as a man, he has the knowing ability to dedicate himself to what he wishes; it was the Nazi official’s choice to stand with Hitler and support his ideas. Maybe some were afraid of death if they didn’t comply but as a man it is his obligation to own up to it and not blame the views of Hitler of his actions.The action and paths these men picked put them down a dark road and they paid for it. Millions of people exterminated to support one mad man’s views, and when all was said and done and defeat was admitted no one wanted to admit the monstrosities they assisted in. James Fenimore Coo per’s The Slaughter of the Pigeons, Cooper talks about the sport of killing pigeons becoming more for business and less for sport. â€Å"This expident produced the desired effect , for every urchin on the ground went industriously to work to wring the necks of the wounded birds.Judge Temple retired towards his dwelling with that kind of feeling that many a man has experienced before him, who discovers, after the excitement of the moment has passed, that he has purchased pleasure at the price of misery to others. Horses were loaded with the dead; and ,after this first burst of sporting, the shooting of pigeons became a business, for the remainder of the season, more in proportion to the wants of the people. I liked this excerpt especially because I believe as it was almost written with the Nuremburg Trials in mind. Pigeons can be interchanged with those killed during the Holocaust. To an extent, the killing and â€Å"purification† went on for so long that it, at least in my eyes, became a business for many of these officials. With the world watching, 22 defendants, 11 were given the death penalty, 3 were acquitted, 3 were given life imprisonment and four were given imprisonment ranging from 10 to 20 years.Nazi officials had no problem expressively and openly displaying their views to the entire world and were not afraid during war time but once war was over and they were at the mercy of the world they publicly embarrassed, and they were treated fairly and got their just deserts, maybe not enough sprinkles. Works Cited De Nevers, Renee. â€Å"Modernizing the Geneva Conventions. † The Washington Quarterly 29. 2 (2006): 99-113. Project MUSE. Web. . Haberer, E. â€Å"History and Justice: Paradigms of the Prosecution of Nazi Crimes. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 19. 3 (2005): 487-519. Project MUSE. Web. . James, Missy, and Alan Merickel. Reading Literature and Writing Argument. Boston: Longman, 2011. Print. Henry David Thoreau, Civil Disobedi ence 245-259 James, Missy, and Alan Merickel. Reading Literature and Writing Argument. Boston: Longman, 2011. Print. James Fenimore Cooper, The Slaughter of the Pigeons. 277-283 Prusin, Alexander V. â€Å"Poland's Nuremberg. † The Seven Court Cases of the Supreme National Tribunal, 1946-1948 24. 1 (2010): n. pag. Project

A world without Law would be a world without Sin Essay Example for Free

A world without Law would be a world without Sin Essay ? According to one of the Holy Books, the Bible, when God created the first man and woman, He knew as the author and finisher of man that he has mind, a conscience which is 2-sided. It could be destructive or constructive, it could embrace good or shun evil, it could love or hate based on the outline that he knows what is wrong and or right. That was the basic reason why God warned them or gave a strict Law against the act that lead to the very first sin, which is the eating of the fruit of knowledge. Hence, if there wasn’t any Law, the first and subsequent sins wouldn’t have existed. A car, an example of mechanical robot, will have no idea why it was created, which is a reason why a manual will be attached to it by the manufacturer for the use of the possible user[s]. We are all created for a purpose but the significant difference between Man and Machine is the choice and will power. These two tools can be shaped with Law[s] to guide man from being a weapon of personal and group calamity. And when there is no Law[s], then man can do whatever and anything he likes to suit his personal desire at the expense of others which would mean â€Å"No-Sin†. †¦At his best, man is the noblest of all animals; separated from law and justice he is the worst. —- Aristotle It can be said man would be reckless, irresponsible, wild, thoughtless, uncontrolled or careless in a world without law. He would be pitiless when the taste for pleasure clouds his sense of reasoning. The mentality that anything he does is not wrong; just-do-it lingers in the mind of man in a world without Laws because there will not be any form of punishment. It would be a world of no hope for the poor. Government which is supposed to organize the society would not be in existence; there would not be anything like the Legislature to make laws, Executive to administer the laws and Judiciary to interpret the laws. Since the germane objective of Law is to maintain order in a society, the government agencies to carry out crime investigations and the professionals called Lawyers would have no space in a world without laws. Therefore, there will be a paradigm shift where jungle justice takes over the expected capacity of law. Discoveries and inventions will set the world in a state of entropy. Classified experiments such as cloning, stem cell growth and Nuclear weapons would know no limit. The world would be overpopulated for their will not be birth control regulations; strange diseases would be epidemic and pandemic. I can conveniently conclude that the world will fall apart without the law [which is tantamount to a world without sin]. A world without Law would be a world without Sin. (2018, Oct 26).

Photo analysis research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Photo analysis - Research Paper Example Every aspect of study or academic always improves in quality with time. Most ideas in various fields of education are comparable and some are derivative of the other. However, art as a field or subject of study in colleges and universities does not obey the law as explained in the Arnold Hauser’s Sociological Method in Art History. Analyzed well, early photography had certain styles and compositions that depicted a higher level of professionalism. Most renaissance photos are discrete and can be differentiated from modern photos using different criteria. To begin with, renaissance photos like the one to below had certain artistic inputs that make them stand out when compared to the modern photos. Coloration in photography during the renaissance period was meant to portray certain themes to the viewers. Black color, for instance, symbolized a gloomy or despondent mood in a society. Red was always associated with romance. White, on the other hand, had a close association with rel igion especially Christianity. It was also associated with peace and understanding among people in the society. Drawings in the renaissance photos had a lot concerning the history of different societies. Drawings with weapons such as swords symbolized war, victory or a safe society. Political-based, early artists had various ways of displaying their political interests or ideologies using photos. For instance, an artist may decide to draw cartoons representing two different politicians, one cartoon may be bigger than the other. In such cases, the artist is secretly and artistically displaying his or her ideologies in politics. The big photo is always the artist’s most preferred politician. The paper will analyze the following photo with regard to the stated problem. According to this photo, a woman wearing a red dress is sitting on a dinner table next to circular window. She is not eating; there is food on the table, however. The woman has a long hair and looks somehow stress ed. Outside the window, there is a lot of light and this is contrast to the dark room where the woman is sitting (Matheson 287). The image is covered a slant rectangular frame. In addition, the window shows another shape of heart. The woman looks uneasy and impatient with her hands over her head. John William Waterhouse did this photo in 1849. According to him, the photo on the background is a lady of Shalott saying that she is half-sick of shadows. Various questionnaires were distributed to identify people’s views on the photo. One of the questions in the questionnaire were:What do you think of when you come across a woman with a red dress like the one in the photo? Does the picture reveal anything related to romance to you?If yes, where and when do you think this photo was taken? Out of the 100 questionnaires distributed, 71% associated the photo with romance and renaissance period. Most of them associated it with Europe, particularly Italy, France, and Germany. 22% associa ted the woman with early prostitutes in Europe. 7% of the questionnaires were not properly filled. According to the findings, it is quite succinct that William’s main thematic concern at the time of taking this photo was romance. First, the photo has its window in the shape of a heart. Heart, as understood, is a global symbol of romantic love. The window curtains have been removed allowing some light into the dark room. The woman is also in a red dress. Red color has

Project Management - Business Research Methods Essay

Project Management - Business Research Methods - Essay Example A novel (N) research question confirms, refutes or extends existing knowledge from previous research work (Foddy 1993). It should be stated in ethical terms (E) and forming a basis of acceptable research issues with the intention of developing intellectual information while respecting leadership within the scope. Relevant (R) information from the research is evaluated on value added to current of future research. An appropriate research question for this project would be: To what extent is project management implemented in organizations and how does this impact on project success? The text selected contains relevant information because it is a report on a qualitative research into project management practice in business organizations (Cassell & Symon 1994). Main objectives for the qualitative research include: i. Which practice within forma PM standards are being used by practitioners and is there variation in extent of use of different practices? ii. Does project context influence P M standards implemented? iii. Is there a valid relationship between PM standard practice and project success? (Papke-shield, Beise & Quan 2009 p 1-13). A critical analysis of this text generates relevant responses to the research question on the specific target population being project managers who are expected to being in charge of organizational projects (Foddy 1993). Evaluating relative significance of details provided in the text guides critical evaluation of current trends in PM practice and evidence supporting such events. Result reliability is handled by the use of wide population sample from a registered project management association with membership from different industries. Correlation of quantitative data into deriving field practice information provides an insight into how statistical information can be interpreted in business research into relevant conclusions (Papke-shield, Beise & Quan 2009 p 1-13). The text provides a standard perspective of actual PM practice in th e region studies highlighting existing information deficits which could form a basis for further investigation. Question2 The business management journal is a research oriented report based on empirical information from a survey done in the project management institute Baltimore chapter. Factual information on real projects formed the basis for the data analysis to derive informed conclusion on PM practices. The objective of the survey was to assess the extent of policy implementation and its impact of the project and business success (Foddy 1993). However, the report borrows widely from existing project management policies and theoretical information such as the PMI guidelines and PM theories suggested by other authors (Papke-shield, Beise & Quan 2009 p 1-13). Comparing suggested idea in practice against actual implementation provided a basis to evaluate transmission of theoretical knowledge in the business context and the effect on effectiveness and efficiency of business projects (Jankowicz 2006). This report expound on findings from previous investigations hence developing of the information available for practitioners reference in improving training and service delivery. Question3 From the literature analysis, it

Standards Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Standards - Research Paper Example There is an explosion in the number of people accessing the internet on their mobile devices. As a result, there is a need for protocols to ensure sufficient infrastructure to support their work. The working group is focused on the establishment of standards for mobile broadband access. The IEEE 802 standard is made up of a family of networking standards that range from the Ethernet to wireless systems (Beylot & Labiod, 2013). The standards cover all their physical specifications. The IEEE is divided into 22 unique parts. The importance of the standards in a digital era cannot be stated in an effective manner. As human beings connect computers to networks, it is clear that they need a set of rules that will determine how data will move through the different networks. Furthermore, the IEEE standards have bestowed immense benefits on the consumer. The benefits include interoperability. The term denotes ability of computer users to use the different networks at their disposal without undermining the flow of data packets. Secondly, the standards result in low product costs. The feature saves the user a lot of money that they would have otherwise spent buying items that fit all the different network needs. Thirdly, the standards are easy to manage. Protocols are needed to determine the movement of data across different networks. Computer users are lucky that their options are limited to a few effective standards (Kuo & Zhu, 2012). There are three common standards including ISO, ANSI and IEEE. The three standards play an important role in the information and communication sector. However, it is important to determine the standard with the most impact. The International Standards Organization is the largest and most effective developer of standards that have a global impact. In addition, it is responsible for publishing them. The importance of ISO lies in the fact that it makes it possible for the developers to create products that would address international

Immigration and Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Immigration and Employment - Essay Example (Castle & Miller, 2003) First it is important that we defined both terms as used, "cultural mosaic" is mostly used to refer to multiculturalism that is used to mean many diverse culture in a place or in an area where diverse culture relates together peacefully. the concept is used to contrast the melting pot term which is used to imply the "ingredients" in the pot which are people with diverse cultures melting together to fuse and form one identity. The two ideas are very different from each other, however the Canadian concept is seen as a more positive especially when it comes to employment and immigrants working in the country. (Castle & Miller, 2003) Canada is a country which is obviously multicultural due to many immigrants that have immigrated to the country over the years. Canada is well known all over the world for being among the most liberal, democratic and welcoming countries in the whole world. It's as a vibrant mosaic of diverse culture where different people resides and work together peaceful. It is estimated that 16% of the total Canadian population of 30 million are first-generation immigrants. The Canadian government is dedicated to a guiding principle of diversity which is designed to preserve and improve the diverse cultural heritage of the Canadians, whilst attempting to attain equality in the social, cultural political and economic issues of Canada. (Castle & Miller, 2003) The "melting pot" is designed to imply homogeneous society development where people with diverse cultural backgrounds are put together to create a multi-ethnic society. as Northrop Frye a literary philosopher observes, Canadian students have been conditioned from the early stage to think of themselves as citizen of a nation with uncertain identity, with a unclear past and a dangerous future on the other hand children in America are conditioned from very early stage to believe in themselves that they are citizens of a the greatest nation in the world. (Castle & Miller, 2003) Many people who have settled in Canada and America always have some kind of reference about the two countries. While those settled in the United States talk of the similarities they share those in Canada talk about the differences. Probably this is because of the in the United States people are expected to adopt to the culture in the United States while in Canada people are the Canadian respect and value the differences. Canada has always been a mosaic country, as explained by sociology historian Castle & Miller (2003) who termed Canada as "a vertical mosaic" and the mosaic term keeps being used because immigrants are encouraged to maintain their culture when in the country. Though both countries have a history of immigrants the two countries have had different policies towards same issues. In the beginning American believed in creating a nation which favoured unity and individual rights, where unity of the nation was more important than the diversity of individuals. While in Canada the country encouraged a system which was based on ethnic particularly with the emphasis of the French culture and French language. (Castle & Miller, 2003) Effects on employment As pertaining employment of immigrants in Canada which is a central social issue

Managing Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Managing Projects - Essay Example Network Diagram (Activity on Node) 1 2. Network Diagram (Activity B is delayed by one day) 6 3. Network Diagram (Activity P is delayed by one day) 7 4. Network Diagram (Activity O is delayed three days) 8 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 Project Completion Date 4 Task 1 1. Network diagram (using activity on node the node) (Gido & Clement 2008) 2. Timings of the Activities and Total Float It was essential to estimate the duration and sequence of activities before a network diagram could be established to calculate the total float. For this purpose, information on amount of work and number of wok periods, types and quantities of resources and their availability was important. According to (PMBOK, 2004), a better way of handling this information is by using a project calendar and an alternative resource calendar. To estimate duration of each activity, list of all activities, duration estimating databases and other historical reference data which may be commercially available, project c alendar from organization process assets, constraints and assumptions from the project scope statement that may impact amount and duration of work, estimates of resource requirements for each activity; human resources and material and equipment requirements are critical inputs to the process of estimating activity durations (Lock, 2007). Estimation of costs and identification of risks associated with each activity help is determining the activity durations with more accuracy closer to actual. Then from the information gathered above, techniques like parametric estimation, analogous estimation, three point estimation and reserve analysis could be used to more precisely estimate the duration of activities (Lock, 2007). In parametric estimation, a mathematical model based on historical records using regression analysis or learning curve is created when there is no information as to on what basis estimation is to be based. Analogous estimation uses a similar previous activity as basis t o estimate the future activity. It is more widely used to estimate project durations rather than duration of a single activity when there is no much information regarding project is available. The probability of completing a project or activity on a single date is too less; therefore, in three point estimating, an optimistic, a pessimistic and most likely estimate is made for each activity and then activity duration is calculated either as average of these three or using a formula. When reasonable estimates of the project activities have been made, then reserve analysis is conducted to cater for risks of time and cost by adding contingency reserve and management reserve. The next process is to sequence activities into how the work would be performed considering their internal and external dependencies. The outcome of this process is a network diagram or a project schedule network diagram. In this report, we have used Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) or Activity on Node where node s are used to represent activities and arrows show their dependencies. In our case study, we have used finish to start relationship while constructing the network diagram to show dependencies between the activities. Now to calculate the total float, critical path method was used. Once the duration of activities have been determined, dependencies between activities have been established and network diagram has been created the next step was to calculate the earliest and latest an activity can

Why Most People Oppress Others because of Their Different Ethnicity, Essay

Why Most People Oppress Others because of Their Different Ethnicity, Race or Gender - Essay Example A theorist and feminist writer; Gloria Anzaldua’s works were of vital significance for the last two decades. Her work should be noted that it is now anthologized systematically in different compositions that reach different audiences on an annual basis. Her theory of Mestiza and borderland identifies the fuller theory of a culture which is different and broadly deployed in most disciplines and lecture halls. In most lecture halls across the state, most students read the chapters and excerpts from her Borderland text. Anzaldua’s work serves in a primarily essayist fashion. She explicitly shows that an individual’s act of writing assists the person in identifying and expressing his or her identity complexities. Anzaldua described her strong belief in the need for individuals to form coalitions in their different groups. My choice of Gloria Anzaldua’s literary works in her anthology of essays and poetry; Making Face, Making Soul: Haciendo Caras include: Borde rlands/La Frontera, La conciencia de la Mestiza, The Homeland, Aztlan/El Otro Mexico, How to Tame a Wild Tongue and This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color. They are all arranged in order of significance. The first three literary works are some of Anzaldua’s best works and stand out from the other two. Anzaldua understood that individuals have diverse ideas and identity and that inter-sectionalism often creates conflicts between different people (Garci?a, 2006). Thesis Statement: Anzaldua understood and recognized the different ways that people use to oppress others, and the constituents that were overlapping their identity. Literary Works: Borderlands/La Frontera: One of Anzaldua’s outstanding works was Borderlands/La Frontera, which was published in the year 1987. Borderlands traces back to the personal and historical journey of people who are on the border between the United States and Mexico. Additionally, it talks about the political, spirit ual and the European socioeconomic impact that they have on conquering the indigenous and marginalized people on the borderland. All the contributors in Anzaldua’s works got affected by Anzaldua’s willingness to face her personal risks. Through Anzaldua’s acts and words, people learn to take risks on their own. These are the risks that form blurred boundaries and the identities challenge people’s ways of thinking (Anzaldua, 1987). By use of her words, she invites critics to engage with her theories and how they impacted on her life and work. In bridging, the contributors explore and discuss on Anzaldua’s spiritual and intellectual contributions of how new bridges are created through the community and diverse disciplines. The contributors and Anzaldua represented numerous generations of diverse ages of the twenties to seventies. This connection among many people could be seen in Anzaldua herself. Anzaldua’s words have touched most of the cont ributors separately.  

Elements of Reading Essay Example for Free

Elements of Reading Essay Reading is the process of making sense from print; comprehension is the goal of all reading. Comprehension is constructed by the reader, so no one understanding will match another’s, but how readers apply strategies as they process text influences the depth of understanding. There are four elements of reading: word identification, fluency, comprehension, vocabulary. We will begin with word identification, since it is the foundation of the reading process. Word Identification  Several terms are associated with the identification of words: word attack, word analysis, word recognition, decoding. These are often used interchangeably and suggest the act of translating print into speech through the analysis of letter-sound relationships. Each term is connected with what is commonly called â€Å"phonics†Ã¢â‚¬â€a tool to analyze or attack words—which focuses attention on words parts and builds on phonemic awareness. â€Å"Word recognition† suggests a process of immediate word identification i. e. words retrieved from memory. It includes the concept of sight words (or sight vocabulary) and suggests a reader’s ability to recognize words rapidly/automatically by making an association between a particular spelling/pronunciation/meaning by applying an internalized knowledge of letter-sound relationships. Word recognition together with word attack skills leads to word identification. Many children develop knowledge about print before entering school through purely visual cues. These children enter first grade fully ready to analyze words, but others do not. They rely on your explicitly-planned lessons. Ehri’s study (as cited in Vacca, Vacca, Gove, Burkey, Lenhart, McKeon, 2003) claimed that there were developmental phases in word identification, whose characteristics could be readily identified, as children progressed. †¢The pre-alphabetic stage includes visual clues, such as those found on cereal boxes, traffic signs, and restaurant logos (stop sign, Burger King, KFC, McDonald’s). †¢The partial alphabetic stage, emerging during kindergarten and grade 1, includes some knowledge about letter-sound relationships (â€Å"S† looks and sounds like â€Å"Sammy, the snake†). †¢The full alphabetic stage includes enough knowledge about segmenting sounds (/c-l-o-ck/) to unlock the pronunciation of unknown words. †¢The consolidated alphabetic stage includes the ability to analyze multisyllabic words, using onsets and rimes. Fluency Fluency is the ability to read text in a normal speaking voice with normal intonation (the rise and fall of the human voice) and inflection (the pitch, stress and pauses). In the context of literacy, one is â€Å"fluent,† who can read with expression and comprehension. Students who are fluent have automaticity. They do not devote attention to decoding, but focus on the construction of meaning. Problems in fluency are a major contributing factor to students’ lagging achievement. They often arise due to the lack of early contact with literacy or diverse linguistic background. Repetition is key to increasing fluency. A mixture of six methods helps to increase fluency. †¢Predictable text: Children can rely on their intuitive knowledge of language and sense to read with less and less assistance. Ex. Max’s Pet †¢Repeated readings: Children can practice reading aloud alone, with a classmate or parents, and to the principal. †¢Automated reading: Children can listen and read along with a tape, a CD, or a computer program. They can also record themselves, listen, and repeat until fluent. †¢Choral reading: Children need to hear mature readers with expression. The oral reading of poetry with various voice combinations builds on a natural interest in rhythms and highlights the beauty of tonal qualities in spoken English. In choral reading, all fluency levels can participate in unison, take parts, or read refrains without embarrassment. †¢Readers’ Theater: This oral presentation of drama, prose or poetry involves children of all ages reading literature to audiences of children. With a few props, perhaps, but no costumes and no memorized lines, the emphasis is on what the audience hears. †¢Sustained Silent Reading (SSR): Classes and sometimes entire schools establish a daily, fixed time period for silent reading of self-selected material. Teachers also read, and there are no content-related questions asked. Stories (or a copy of them) can be sent home for rereading, after students have become very familiar with them by rereading during class. The goal is to increase the â€Å"pleasure principle† and enable children to become lifelong readers. Comprehension To understand text, a reader actively searches for meaning and responds to text as s/he decodes. Readers learn to monitor their own comprehension through metacognition. The dimensions of active reading comprehension involve specific questioning skills that require readers to â€Å"grapple with text† in order to organize their background knowledge, clarify ideas and support opinion. †¢Question/Answer Strategy †¢Ask questions that elicit questions in return. Such questions stimulate interest/arouse curiosity; they draw students into the story. Ex. Not â€Å"What is this picture about? † but â€Å"What would you like to know about this picture? † †¢Question/Author Strategy †¢Students engage in dialog with the author: What is the author trying to say? What does the author mean? Is x consistent with what the author told us before? †¢Think-Aloud Strategy †¢Teachers model the think-aloud process initially in order to help students learn to make inferences, using clues from the text and background knowledge to make logical guesses about meaning. K-W-L (What do I Know? What do I Want to learn? What I Learned) is one kind of graphic organizer, which is a visual to help students summarize and organize expository information. Building an awareness of underlying story structure enables students to organize information from narratives, so that they can better anticipate and make sense of what they read! †¢Simple structure: †¢Setting (Where? When? ) †¢Characters (Who? ) †¢Plot (Problem for which characters take action) †¢Complex structure: †¢Setting (Maybe more than one) †¢Characters †¢Plot (Two or more episodes with a chain of events; flashbacks, sometimes! ) Organizers are available commercially, but most teachers have a collection they may be happy to share. Vocabulary English has the largest vocabulary in the world: 600,000one million words. Students learn about 88,000 words by ninth grade in order to process text. It’s been estimated that children learn about three-four thousand words per year, which averages 16-22 words per day. Do we teach every single word? No; students acquire vocabulary on their own through usage, not via systematic instruction. What are words? They are labels for concepts, mental images of something. Ex. The word â€Å"picnic† will call to mind different ideas for everyone. We organize concepts into hierarchies by common features or similar criteria in order to make sense of complexity in our environment. Ex. The concept of â€Å"dog† has common characteristics, despite different breeds and behaviors. We have five vocabularies: listening, speaking, writing, reading, and body-language. The listening vocabulary develops first and is the largest until middle school, when the reading vocabulary becomes and ultimately remains the largest vocabulary. Our job as teachers is to promote students’ conceptual understanding of key vocabulary words, because learning words and expanding vocabulary has a strong influence on comprehension. What is the best means to teach vocabulary? Through multiple, varied encounters with words. Six principles to guide vocabulary instruction include featuring key words: †¢that convey major ideas in literature and content areas; †¢in relation to other words to develop shades of meaning; †¢in relation to students’ background knowledge; †¢in pre- and post-reading activities; †¢taught systematically, in depth, and reinforced; †¢that interest you: telling stories about the origin and derivation of words helps to create student interest in words. We organize knowledge into conceptual hierarchies, and vocabulary study is a key factor.

Real Prison Culture And The Shawshank Redemption Sociology Essay

Real Prison Culture And The Shawshank Redemption Sociology Essay A large majority of the population will not have any knowledge of what prisons are a really like, if it was not for the movie studios and the television stations. The population acquire the knowledge about prisons through movies, documentaries, drama and action series involving actual prisons around the world as made available through these two medias. The National Geographic television channel has a program titled Lockdown where crews go inside actual prisons and film the everyday aspects of prison life. This program shows their viewers how difficult, stressful and how dangerous prisons are (National Geographic Television Production, 2010). Compared that with Hollywood movies where a director tells a story to his or her moviegoer customer. The director must ensure that he or she has included some of the real life aspects of the prison environment but he or she can exclude some of these aspects if it does not fit into the storyline. The movie Shawshank Redemption is a perfect example of this. The director, Frank Darabont did not to play the race card and allowed Andy Dufresne and Ellis Boyd Red Redding to become friends. Pending on which real life prison you look at, this might not occur. For example the program Lockdown did an episode titled Gang War. One of their film crews entered Salinas Valley State Prison in California and showed their viewers that the prison is a powder keg ready to erupt at any time because the prison is divided by racial lines (National Geographic Television Production, 2006). If a prisoner crosses these racial lines, violence will occur amongst the prisoner race and the race group he offends (National Geographic Television Production, 2010). This paper will explore the various aspects of prison life, using the movie Shawshank Redemption to show the various aspects of prison life. The following aspects of prison life will be explored: prison as a machine and its use as a form of punishment, prison adjustment on inmates and the prison c ulture. Prison Culture: A prisoner in a federal corrections institute in the United States of America by the name of Michael Santos has a website titled Prison News Blog Prison News and Commentary. Santos writes on what he has experienced while he has been incarcerated since he was 23 years old. Santos writes describing prisons and the prison subcultures as the following: Prisons are like mini communities, totally separated from the wider society. Those who live inside find cultures that differ in remarkable ways from the America that most citizens know and love (Santos, 2008). In this section of the paper the topic of prison subculture will be explored explaining culture in general, inmate subculture, the deprivation, importation models, pains of imprisonment, the different roles of inmates and the types of correction officers. Is there a difference between subculture and inmate subculture, the textbook describes the term subculture as the distinctive values, beliefs, norms, symbols, language, and ideologi es embraced by a particular group or community set apart from the larger society (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p. 131). The term inmate subculture is defined as the norms, beliefs, values, language, and ideologies by inmates within correctional institutions (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p. 131). An example of culture is the people who believe in the Roman Catholic religion. In comparison inmate subculture are people who are incarcerated at one of the federal, provincial or local correctional institutions and the social structure these inmates create and how these inmates interact with each other. Inmate subculture can be further explained by two approaches from Sykes in 1958 and then re-examined by Messinger in 1970. The first approach is the deprivation model, this model describes that prisoners experience considerable suffering and frustration attendant with the deprivation of [the daily] basic needs [a free citizen has] (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p. 132). The needs are the follow ing: freedom, time alone when you need it, you can purchase what you want and obtain the services you want, sexual relationships, independence and the feeling of being safe (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001). The above list of items can also be called the pains of imprisonment. The pains of imprisonment can be defined as the kinds of deprivations inmates experience by virtue of being in prison (Stojkovic Lovell, 1998, p. 244). This creates the inmate subculture and the social interactions between the inmates (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001). A single prisoner can function as an individual, me against the world attitude or allow themselves to integrate with the other inmates to alleviate the pains of imprisonment. (Stojkovic Lovell, 1998 and Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001). A prime of example from the movie The Shawshank Redemption is the character Andy Dufresne, Andy remains by himself until he starts to speak to Ellis Boyd Red Redding. Andy then allows himself to integrate into the inmate subc ulture and becomes friends with the warden, prison guards and other inmates. The second approach of the inmate subculture is the importation model which attributes the development of the prison subculture to the values, roles, beliefs, and inclinations that prisoners bring with them into the prison. [In short,] a prison is a microcosm of the outside society, reflection of the world outside the prison walls and not due to the pains of imprisonment (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p. 132). The importation model includes the prisoner-staff dynamic how they interact between each other. The three different types of inmates which are the following: awaiting trail, post conviction awaiting sentence and serving his or her prison sentence (Stojkovic Lovell, 1998 and Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001). The various racial groups within the prison population such as (African Americans, Latinos, Asians and Caucasians). The type of offence the inmate is in prison for and if the inmate is in prison for reoffending. The inmate subculture will be also be effected by the following: the personality differences of each of the inmates before being sentenced to prison. The hierarchy of the inmates in which the powerful ones will be on top and the weak ones will be on the bottom. The inmate sexual preference will also play a role e.g. sexual urges. Both models are very similar but the deprivation model looks at the pains of imprisonment, while the importation model looks at prison subculture and prisons are like cities in the free world. (Stojkovic Lovell, 1998 and Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001). Many examples from the movie come to light; they include the warden allowing the prisoners to work outside of the prison repairing the roof of the prison and other jobs as a work gang. The prison gang The Sisters and the leader Bogs Diamond trying to get Andy to perform oral sex on him. The last example from the movie is the economic system in prison, Ellis Boyd Red Redding gets Andy a rock hammer and two posters during Andys stay in prison. Red has to smuggle these items into the prison through the laundry area and the help of other inmates. Both the deprivation and importation models are valid theories but what an inmate does before he or she was incarcerated will have an impact on his or her behaviour while they are incarcerated in the prison system (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001). So if the inmate is an outsider before he or she were incarcerated they will be an outsider during the ir prison time. On the other hand, if the inmate does not respect authority and runs wild, he or she will be the same way in the prison system. In the prison system, inmates have established certain names for the various roles each inmate has. The term coined for this set of terms is prison argot rules (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001). The following are the roles that were seen in The Shawshank Redemption movie. The first role seen is fish. A fish implies [to] the vulnerability of the new inmate who must learn to adjust to the prison environment, in other words to sink or swim (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p.134). The movie depicts this role when Andy and the other new inmates are being unloaded from the bus and the older inmates are calling Andy and other new inmates names and making gestures about a reeling a fish in. The movie also shows the current inmates betting on which new inmate would be the first to cry the first night after lights out. Once the lights go out the current inmates start trying to make a new inmate cry. A Centre-Men are inmates that are unpopular with other inmates and these inmates attempt to ingratiate w ith the prison warden and guards (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001).The two characters in the movie are Andy and Brooks. Andy helps Warden Samuel Norton and the guards with their tax forms and investments and Brooks maintains the prison library and deliverers books to the other inmates. Both men are popular with the other inmates so they are not true centre-men because the other inmates are friendly to them. The next term is the Merchant/Peddler is an inmate who sells when he or she is in the position to give and the inmate population regards the merchant as someone who exploits his companions (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p.134). An example of a merchant/peddler in the movie is Red. He can get what you want if you are willing to pay his price for it. The last two argot terms depict in the movie is the wolf. A wolf is an inmate who take[s] on the male role in the sexual encounter [and] these individuals are very aggressive and a punk is inmate who is forced into the female sexual role. [The punk inmate] are forced into submission by wolves (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p.134). The movie portrays the character Bogs Diamond the leader of the prison gang The Sisters. Bogs and The Sisters assault Andy numerous times and one scene Bogs tries to get Andy to perform oral sex on him but does not prevail. The most important argot term in the prison world is the rat. A rat is an inmate who gives information about another inmate to prison officials in exchange for their own personal benefits, preferential treatment and the use of contraband goods (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001). Rats are the lowest of the low in the prison on the same level as rapist or child murderers. In short, if other inmates discover that someone is a rat then he or she will become an outsider in the prison. All these definitions are some of the argot rules that are part of the adjustment an inmate will have to face during their prison adjustment phase. As with inmate argot roles, correction officials (prison guards) have their own roles in terms of the different types of correction officials. The different types of officials are the following: the rule enforcer, hard liner, people worker, the synthetic officer and the loner guard (Cesaroni, 2010a). The first example is the Rule enforcer who is an officer that tends to be very rule based, inflexible officer who believes that he or she is in the prison to teach discipline. This officer is only interested in custody and control and does not want to negotiate with the inmates. Lastly this type of officer does not believe in being friendly to the inmates (Cesaroni, 2010a). The Hard liner officer is someone who is power hungry, enforces the rules very strictly, likes to punish and show their authority, this type of officer tends to be abusive and aggressive to the inmates and have a negative attitude with the inmates. He or she also identifies strongly with his or her follow officers and this type of officer has a negative attitude with the inmates and resent on having to provide any services to the inmates (Cesaroni, 2010a). The People worker officer tends to an older and experienced correctional officer. He or she relays on their verbal skills and common sense, interpersonal skills to resolve problems through mediation and not by conflicts. He or she is flexible with rules has a comfortable style with the inmates (Cesaroni, 2010a). This type of officer enjoys the challenge of dealing with the inmates and does not like being authoritarian with them (Cesaroni, 2010a). The Synthetic officer is a cross between the rule enforcer and the people worker in wh ich he or she follows the rules closely but takes each and every situation into consideration before reacting to it. This type of officer is firm but fair for each situation and they do not let themselves be taken advantage of by other correctional officers or inmates (Cesaroni, 2010a). Lastly the Loner officer, he or she strictly enforces the rules because this type of officer is afraid of being criticized. We see this type of officer with females or minorities. This officer does not want to negotiate with inmates and does not want to make mistakes while on duty. The officer enjoys working in the correctional administration part of the prisons and not rather on one-one-one relations with the inmates (Cesaroni, 2010a). Examples from the movie are the following: Warden Norton is depicted as a people worker officer at the start off of the movie when he informs the new inmates that he believes in two things, discipline and the bible but as the movie progresses the movie watcher sees Warden Norton true colours and the type of officer he really is. Norton shows that he is a hardliner officer by allowing inmate Tommy Williams to be murdered and Andy set free because of the new information that Williams has on who really murdered Andys wife and her mistress. Other examples of Norton being a hardliner officer is that he uses the inmates as inexpensive labourers and he takes bribes from other agencies who are competing on the same contracts. The last example is Captain Byron Hadley, the head officer. Hadley can be seen has a rule enforcer officer. In the movie Hadley is seen yelling, screaming, to re-establish order in the prison after the older inmate made a new inmate start to cry after lights out on Andy s first night at Shawshank. Hadley was the officer that uses his woodened asp baton on this inmate to confirm his authority with the older inmates and show it to the new inmates. Prison as a Form of Punishment and Prison as a Machine: As describe in lecture punishment is a necessary evil and when a punishment is invoked when someone is believed to have done wrong (Cesaroni, 2010b). In 1954, Andrew Flew outlined the rules of punishment. The rules of punishment are the following: there must be human suffering, as a result of a criminal offence; the offender who committed the offence is the only one being punished fourth [b]e the intentional creation of the suffering other humans in response to that offence and lastly [b]e inflicted by [an authorized governing body that created the rules and laws for the society as a whole that the offender has committed the offence in (Cesaroni, 2010b). In 1991, David Garland outlined the Sociological Perspectives on Punishment. The first perspective is the moral process. This perspective stated that punishment of the offender functions to preserve the shared values and norms of the society wishes. Punishment symbolizes and enacts moral judgements and punishment sustains solidarity and collective conscience (Cesaroni, 2010b). An example from the movie is when Andy is sentenced to two consecutive life terms. The second perspective is economic and political where a part of a wilder strategy of controlling the poor and lower classes (Cesaroni, 2010b). It is a known fact the offenders that come from poorer areas are treated harsher then people from wealthier areas. The prison system uses their inmates as a cheap labour force as seen the movie when the inmates are tarring the roof and other times seen working outside. The third perspective is power; knowledge and discipline (Garland, 1991). Power comes from the judges and the court to co nvict offenders (Cesaroni, 2010b). The prison system is setup to educate inmates and to reform these inmates. Prison Officers are the discipline in which they use in daily practice to keep order in prisons. In the movie one scene shows Warden Norton allows an officer to search Andys for illegal items but none are found but is pleased when the warden sees Andy reading the bible. Lastly cultural transformations are changes in attitude, conduct, social organization and modes of interactions (Cesaroni, 2010b). In the past 500 years there have been changes in how society handles the following sensitive issues: sex, violence, bodily functions, illness, suffering and death. Each of these sensitive issues has been moved from a public domain to a private domain (Cesaroni, 2010b). The above perspectives can explain the complicated items of prison as a form of punishment in society (Cesaroni, 2010b). The prison system has been developed to run like a well oiled machine. The prison machine system will not function correctly unless the inmates behave as the parts of the machine. Mason writes the following on the prison as a machine as a the system with its impenetrable sets of rules and regulations which grind on relentlessly. The effect of such mechanistic depiction of punishment is to highlight both the individual fight for survival and inherent process of dehumanization that comes with incarceration in the system. The monotony and regulation of prison life is most often depicted by the highly structured movement of prisoners (Mason, 2003, p. 289.) In the movie there are many examples of the above occurring. The first example is when Captain Hadley yells at an inmate you eat when youre told to eat, you shit when we say you shit, you piss when we say you piss are the set of rules and regulations which grind on relentlessly. The individual fight for survival and inherent process of dehumanization examples are the stay in the hole for Andy when he fights Bogs Diamond and the daily checks every morning by the officers before inmates go for their breakfast and the prison staff discovers Andy has escaped sometime during the night. Lastly the highly structured movement of prisoners is seen when they are being allowed out of their cells, going for meals, eating together and spending time in the yard. Prison Adjustment: When a new inmate enters a correctional institution (prison) the inmate will experience three stages of prison adjustments. The three stages are: initiation, prisonization/ institutionalization and rehabilitation. Based on Wheeler theory that prison life and culture is in a U-shaped curve (Cesaroni, 2010c). The top of the U is the entry period of the correctional institution for the inmate. This is a high stress period for an inmate regardless if they are a first timer or a repeat offender. The middle part of the U is where the prison inmate subculture is established and the inmate and is the farthest away of what they were like in the free world Cesaroni, 2010c). The last stage of the U is when the inmate is nearing the end of his or her sentence and starts to reconnect with their love ones and the outside world. This period is another stressful period for the inmate because the inmate does not know what to expect in the free world but is eagerly looking forward to it (Cesaroni, 201 0c). The initiation process according to Goffman is a radical shift in the social self. This adjustment to prison involves a psychological process (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p.130). Goffman refers this as the mortifications of self the process of adjusting to the institution requires the loss of a civilian identity and the incorporation of a new institutional identity (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p.131). This is depicted in the movie when Andy and the other new inmates are paraded in front of the older inmates and these inmates are calling them fish. The new inmates are then paraded into a dark room where Warden Norton and Captain Hadley continue this process by informing the inmates of the rule one no blasphemy and we tell you when you can do things. The inmates are told to strip down, are then hosed down with water and then are covered with a white powder. The inmates are given their prison clothes and a bible and a forced to walk through the prison naked to their cells. The text stat es that Clemmer argues that the inmates loss of autonomy encourages the inmate to identify with the prison hierarchal system that is very similar to that of the outside world (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p.131). Most of the new the inmates adjust to the prison subculture in order for these inmates to feel safe in prison environment and allowing them to learn and obey the rules of the prison (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001). Goffman describes the term total institution as a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals, cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p. 130). Prisons are controlling structures and social organization in which prisons functions. Clemmer coined the phrases prisonization or institutionalization. This refers to the process of socialization of an inmate into the subculture of the prison. This process includes [the] learning about the prisons subculture such as values, beliefs and behaviours that challenge the prison staff (Ishwaran Neugebauer, 2001, p. 131). An example of this is when Brooks is being released from Shawshank; Brooks did not want to leave Shawshank and was forced to do so. Brooks discovered he could not survive in the outside world after being in prison for fifty years. He killed himself by hanging himself in the halfway house after craving his name in the rafters. Offenders commit crimes mainly because they are lazy. They need to learn to work hard and be taught a new attitude toward work. (Cesaroni, 2010d). Thus last phase in the prison adjustment is the rehabilitation phase. In this phase the prison system attempts to re-educate inmates so one day they can return to the general public one day. Throughout history, a strong work ethic was directly related to a positive social behaviour. Currently, the prison systems are teaching the inmates that if you work hard, you will develop work skills that can be used in the free world (Cesaroni, 2010d). An example of this from the movie is the character Brooks, he was paroled after fifty years in Shawshank prison. The parole board got him employment with a grocery store and living in a half-way house. In the end Brooks could have been rehabilitated more to handle the stress after being in the prison system for five decades and the numerous social changes that occurred since Brooks has been in prison su ch as how common the automobile has become, electricity, how people dress. In conclusion, the Shawshank Redemption movie is the closest motion picture that depicts what prison is really like. It is a terrible place to live disconnected from the outside world. The movie also proves that all that correction officers are not the same. Some tend to be power hungry while others prefer to be loners working in the prison office. Inmate subculture is also dealt with by the movie showing the different the various types of roles prisoners have in prison. The three different stages of prison adjustment an inmate goes through while in the prison system. The stages are the initiation phase, the prisonization or institutionalization phase and the rehabilitation phase. Lastly the movie shows the prison system acting as machine and as form of punishment. The Shawshank Redemption is movie that should be watched by any student studying criminology.

Legalizing Concealed Weapons May Deter Crime Essay -- Argumentative Pe

Legalizing Concealed Weapons May Deter Crime A concealed weapon is a firearm hidden on a person. Thomas Jefferson once wrote that "laws that forbid the carrying of arms... disarm only those who are neither inclined nor determined to commit crimes. Such laws make things worse for the assaulted and better for the assailants; they serve rather to encourage than to prevent homicides for an unarmed man may be attacked with greater confidence than an armed man"(Lee 147). "In Florida, 315,000 permits had been issued to citizens for concealed weapons by December 31, 1995. Only five have been revoked because the permit holder committed a violent crime with a gun" ( Kopel 129). Many crimes could have been avoided if you could carry a concealed weapon in every state. "If the states that do not have right - to - carry concealed guns had adopted the laws in 1992, approximately 1,570 murders; 4,177 rapes; and over 60,000 aggravated assaults would have been avoided yearly" (Kopel 129). Many people worry that innocent people or trained police officers would get hurt. The idea that poorly trained, armed people looking to become heroes would make it more dangerous for innocent people. Many law-enforcement organizations say different. They voluntarily issue concealed carry permits to citizens who pass a background checks. The concealed-carry movement is based on the principle that responsible citizens should not expect government to provide them with the essentials of life. Providing for the safety of one's self and one's family is first of all a personal duty. In the past five years in Miami, four concealed weapons permits have been revoked for criminal misuses of concealed weapons. Everyone may benefit from concealed-carry reform.... ... Brady, chairman of Handgun Control, said, "I don't believe gun owners have rights." Rosie O'Donnell said I honestly think-and I am not an expert on the amendments-I think the only people in this nation who should be allowed to own guns are police officers. I don't care if you want to hunt; I don't care if you think it's your right. I say 'sorry'. It is 1999 we have had enough as a nation. You are not allowed to own a gun and if you do own a gun, I think you should go to prison (Lee 149). I believe like Thomas Jefferson did that laws that forbid the carrying of arms, disarm only those who are neither inclined nor determined to commit crimes. In the future crime rates might drop, but that does not mean that all violent crime will stop. Carrying a concealed weapon does not guarantee that you will not be a victim, but I think it will help to protect yourself.

A Character Analysis of James Joyces The Dubliners Essay -- Literary

In the collection of short stories in â€Å"Dubliners,† James Joyce introduces a mosaic of the day-to-day lives of working class Irishmen and their personal struggles with the pre-independent societal and personal restrictions of Victorian England. The characters of Little Chandler, Eveline, Maria, and Farrington symbolize the specific components of the kaleidoscopic Irish population and their universal tendency to stay contained within the limits of the current time period and within the limitations of their society. Despite life presenting them with opportunities to improve or change their living conditions, these people are not ready to move on and are suffocated by their ambiguity, their belief system, and their stereotypes. Joyce’s characters illustrate multiple stereotypes and also a variety of beliefs that Irish people followed, which influenced their behavior and their choices. Some literary critics recognize the reason for the paralysis of Dubliners as being the society as a whole with its pervasive moral conditions (Bloom 90-91). One of the most significant stereotypes, described by Phillip F. Herring, was the misleading belief among the Irish population that the improvement of their lives comes â€Å"only through death or emigration† (Bloom 91). This false conviction is presented in at least two Joyce’s characters; Eveline and Tom Chandler. Eveline is a nineteen year old girl from the book of the same name. Although still very young, she is taking care of her abusive father and two siblings in return for having a roof over her head. She is employed in â€Å"stores† under the supervision of Miss Hill, who, similarly to her father, does not show any fondness f or and kindness to Eveline. However, there might be a light at th... ...guage 51.1 (2009): 1-16. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. de Voogd, Peter. â€Å"Imaging Eveline, Visualised Focalisations In James Joyce’s Dubliners.† European Journal of English Studies 4.1 (2000): 39-48. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Apr. 2012 Goldberg, S.L. â€Å"Virtues and Limitations In James Joyce’s ‘Dubliners’: A Critical Handbook.† Eds. James R. Baker and Thomas F. Staley. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. (1969): 29–35. Print. Herring, Philip F. â€Å"‘Dubliners’: The Trials Of Adolescence In James Joyce: A Collection of Critical Essays.† Ed. Mary T. Reynold. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1993): 67-80. Print. Kelly, Joseph. â€Å"Our Joyce: From Outcast To Icon†. University of Texas Press, 1998. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 10 Apr. 2012. Joyce, James. â€Å"Dubliners†. Ed. Margot Norris.1st ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006. Print A Character Analysis of James Joyce's The Dubliners Essay -- Literary In the collection of short stories in â€Å"Dubliners,† James Joyce introduces a mosaic of the day-to-day lives of working class Irishmen and their personal struggles with the pre-independent societal and personal restrictions of Victorian England. The characters of Little Chandler, Eveline, Maria, and Farrington symbolize the specific components of the kaleidoscopic Irish population and their universal tendency to stay contained within the limits of the current time period and within the limitations of their society. Despite life presenting them with opportunities to improve or change their living conditions, these people are not ready to move on and are suffocated by their ambiguity, their belief system, and their stereotypes. Joyce’s characters illustrate multiple stereotypes and also a variety of beliefs that Irish people followed, which influenced their behavior and their choices. Some literary critics recognize the reason for the paralysis of Dubliners as being the society as a whole with its pervasive moral conditions (Bloom 90-91). One of the most significant stereotypes, described by Phillip F. Herring, was the misleading belief among the Irish population that the improvement of their lives comes â€Å"only through death or emigration† (Bloom 91). This false conviction is presented in at least two Joyce’s characters; Eveline and Tom Chandler. Eveline is a nineteen year old girl from the book of the same name. Although still very young, she is taking care of her abusive father and two siblings in return for having a roof over her head. She is employed in â€Å"stores† under the supervision of Miss Hill, who, similarly to her father, does not show any fondness f or and kindness to Eveline. However, there might be a light at th... ...guage 51.1 (2009): 1-16. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. de Voogd, Peter. â€Å"Imaging Eveline, Visualised Focalisations In James Joyce’s Dubliners.† European Journal of English Studies 4.1 (2000): 39-48. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Apr. 2012 Goldberg, S.L. â€Å"Virtues and Limitations In James Joyce’s ‘Dubliners’: A Critical Handbook.† Eds. James R. Baker and Thomas F. Staley. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. (1969): 29–35. Print. Herring, Philip F. â€Å"‘Dubliners’: The Trials Of Adolescence In James Joyce: A Collection of Critical Essays.† Ed. Mary T. Reynold. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1993): 67-80. Print. Kelly, Joseph. â€Å"Our Joyce: From Outcast To Icon†. University of Texas Press, 1998. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 10 Apr. 2012. Joyce, James. â€Å"Dubliners†. Ed. Margot Norris.1st ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006. Print

Religious Controversy During the Time of Karl Marx Essay -- Karl Marx

Religious Controversy During the Time of Karl Marx Religion in Europe before and during 1848, the year the Communist Manifesto was written, was full of trials and tribulations. This is not a new thing for religion, ever since the creation of religion there has been problems. Religion is the one uncertainty that has caused disputes even wars in the past and in the present. Religion is discussed briefly in the Communist Manifesto. However, There is enough content about religion to see Karl Marx’s views on the matter but he does not go into depth on those views. Religion around the time of the Communist Manifesto was very unstable; two events prior to this time that contributed to this instability are the Separation of Christianity into Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic, and the Protestant reformations that took place. One of the most significant turning points in the history of European religion was the separation of Christianity into western and eastern religions. The Western Church became the Roman Catholic Church while the Eastern Church became the Eastern Orthodox Church. There was no formal split, the bishops of each church recognize each other as being genuinely Christian just a little odd in their beliefs. The Great Schism shows the difference between the two religions, and they are not all theological. One difference is that Eastern Orthodox priests are allowed to be married. Only monks in the Eastern Orthodox Church must remain celibate. This differs from the Roman Catholic Church where all priest must be single and chaste. [1] A major reason for the Schism was lack of communication. The two Churches grew so far apart in their mindsets and attitudes they could no longer understand each other. They... ...ring the time of the Communist Manifesto. Notes 1. Roger E. Olsen, The Story of Christian Theology, (Downers Grove: InterVarsity press) 290-91. 2. John H. Smith, The Great Schism, (New York: Weybright And Talley) 236-39. 3. Olsen, 291. 4. Alister E. McGrath, Reformation of thought, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993) 2-12. 5. McGrath, 2-3. 6. Discovery and Reformation, 1996,

Disney: An organisational culture Essay

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the corporate culture of Disney. Within the discussion, a number of topics will be addressed that include: formal statements prevalent in the organization and their impact to the organization, a description of the environment and the statement it makes relative to the organization, the types of language or sayings used in the organization, the type of role modeling, training and teaching that is emphasized, rewards used to motivate employees, stories and legends that are familiar to employees and customers, outcome measures used by leaders within the organization, how leaders respond to critical incidents or crisis, workflow and organizational structure, an evaluation of organization systems and procedures and the types of organizational goals and associated criteria used for the selection of employees. Disney philosophy The mission of The Walt Disney Company is to be one of the world’s leading producers and providers of entertainment and information. Using their portfolio of brands to differentiate their content, services and consumer products, they seek to develop the most creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products in the world (Disney.com). This mission statement originated from the original business philosophy of Walt Disney which was: (a) quality will out! (b) give the people everything you can give them; (c) keep the place as clean as you can keep it; (d) keep it friendly; (e) make it a fun place to be (Johnson, 1991). According to Rick Johnson in his article A Strategy for Service (1991), Walt Disney was committed to the single goal of creating happiness for customers whom Walt called guests. He knew that if guests were happy, they would return. Disney also understood that one bad guest experience or disappointment would conversely keep that guest from returning. The focus of Disney corporate culture is guest driven service. In order to ensure there is no deviation from the goal, Disney has created a corporate culture in which the employees or â€Å"cast members† live while at work. It is the Disney way of life which places service to guests above all else. Disney’s legendary customer service is so renowned that today, companies from all areas of business engage in Disney training to improve their customer service. Another key element of Disney culture is to foster creativity and to sustain innovation (Lynch 2001). Disney knew that when employees were encouraged to â€Å"think out of the box† and that their ideas were respected, they would consistently deliver. Disney was known for seeking input from all levels within the organization because he believed good ideas could come from anywhere. The Disney environment Disney opened his first theme park in 1955. His goal was to provide a good show through themed entertainment. Disney essentially transformed his legendary animated movies into reality. The entire park became a stage filled with props and actors. When guests entered Disneyland, they were no longer the audience; they became part of the show. In order for this to be successful, Disney understood he had to control the environment so to speak so that the experience was replicated. He believed that by controlling the environment, the reactions of the guests within the environment could be predicted (Johnson 1991). Disney also understood he had to control the response of his employees to the guests. Being a director and movie-maker, Disney’s view was that it would not be unlike controlling the action in a play or movie in which the cast members have a script and an expected set of actions. Disney took this philosophy a step further by making every employee a cast member. Cast members have a script and a set of standards that are acted out every time they go to work at a Disney location. It is easy to understand why Disney was so successful in consistently delivering the Disney experience. Disneyspeak corporate language Disney created an entire corporate culture by transforming his movie productions into real life experiences for people. One of the ways in which Disney was able to accomplish this feat was by expressing his expectations through the development of a unique corporate language referred to as â€Å"Disneyspeak† (Edginton, 1998) that set the stage and expectations for his vision. In the world of Disney, people were no longer customers, they became guests. Disney teams were charged with the study of â€Å"guestology† (Johnson 1991) which was to develop programs and actions that would consistently exceed guest expectations. Employees became cast members who are literally cast in a role for daily performance (Edginton, 1998) designed to create â€Å"magic moments† for the guests. All of this conveys the message that guests are at the center of all actions and interactions. Cast members understand that attention to detail is critical and that their role is to â€Å"sell the vision† to every guest. Disney empowers cast members with the service theme of â€Å"creating happiness† and provides extensive training, communication and support systems to ensure cast members can make the best decision with every guest encounter (Johnson 1991). Role modeling, training and teaching It seems that Walt Disney is established upon the training, teaching and role modeling among their employees to have good customer service. Everyone who has ever been to a Walt Disney theme park is often warmly welcomed by greetings from such role models handed down through the years to children and adults alike of characteristics like those of Mickey Mouse, Goofy and Donald Duck. These three characters are the main role models of how the rest of the staff should be trained and taught to handle their guests at the Disney Park it appears. This example is not to say that their reputable service is necessarily grounded in stone rather it is ever evolving based upon the premise of their well-known hospitality. The whole concept of their welcoming practices seem to revolve around what their guests would expect and is developed through this whole company as a result of the efforts pertaining to their Public Relations. Employee rewards and recognition Some of the incentives and rewards that the managers and staff receive are warm and generous letters from their visitors and guests as evidenced by the following statements. â€Å"Staff members at Disney receive plenty of training, support, and recognition from their leaders and they don’t stay around long if they don’t buy into the Disney culture† (Amusement Business, Vol. 115 Issue 49, p3, 2p). â€Å"A great deal of passion goes into training and that results in happier employees†, so it seems that the rewards and status symbols that are used to motivate the employees of Disney is a culture and tradition of understanding and compassion that are handed down from employee to employee based on the Disney model throughout the years. In addition to the compassion and understanding, there is much room for growth and promotion as an incentive for those who work hard and do well. Weiss, one of the head managers at Walt Disney walks through the park among the buying public guests to make sure that everything is going smoothly. Additionally, he strives to make himself as accessible to his employees at Disney as possible which helps to promote the communication among the employees that they are working in a compassionate and understanding environment. His style of management functions as incentives and rewards which motivate the Disney staff. Disney legends The Walt Disney collections, Walt’s masterworks, and Walt’s thought are among the stories, legends, and myths familiar to employees and customers. The story of Pinocchio was heartwarming of a unique friendship. The artwork picture of Pinocchio underlined Walt’s belief of designing his animated characters to look real as if they were made of flesh and blood. The animation of â€Å"Bambi† was an interesting picture which took over Pinocchio. Bambi, a deer, was an animated character with an anatomy. The animation of Bambi was an improvement in quality of artwork in all his pictures. Bambi’s mother who was killed off-screen is remembered as one of the most powerful moments of any Disney film. The Golden Age of Animation (1937 – 1942) also called the â€Å"creative explosion† marks the most creative periods in the history of Disney Studios on animation motion pictures. The release of â€Å"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs† and â€Å"Bambi† films during this five year period remain the most memorable periods in history and a lasting tribute to the remarkable career of Walter Elias Disney. In a study by the Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, children who watch animated films produced by Disney Studios are exposed to a greater incidence of mental illness than they may have experienced if they had watched similar films on TV (Lawson, and Fonts. 2004). Organizational activities, processes and outcome measures In its efforts to uphold excellence, and integrity in all its professional relationships, Walt Disney undertakes the following business activities described below. The Disney Studio Entertainment is the foundation on which the Walt Disney Company was built. The Studio Entertainment is known for its rich legacy of quality creative content and exceptional storytelling. At the heart of the Studio Entertainment are the renowned animated features and live-action motion pictures. The Studio Entertainment distributes its pictures under Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, Miramax Films, and Buena Vista Home Entertainment. The Disney name has now become associated with quality entertainment for the whole family. The Disney Parks and Resorts has become one of the most popular amusement parks known to tourists in recent times. It is the home of the Disney’s beloved characters-Mickey Mouse, Pinocchio, Cinderella and the whole lot. Among the Parks and Resorts are Disneyland in Anaheim, California, Disneyland in Orlando, Florida, Tokyo Disney Resort, and Disneyland Resort in Paris. In all, there are 10 theme Parks on three continents with the 11th Park in Hong Kong to be opened in September 2005. In addition, 35 resort hotels and two luxury cruise ships is part of entertainment offerings in Hong Kong. The Disney theme parks and resorts celebrate Disneyland 50th Anniversary, an 18 month celebration which is scheduled to begin May 5, 2005. The Disney Consumer Products began merchandising in 1929 with the appearance of Mickey Mouse on the cover of a children’s writing tablet. Among its products are apparel, toys, home dà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cor, and books to interactive games, foods and beverages, electronics and fine art. DisneyStore.com and Disney catalog are the direct marketing tools used by Walt Disney Company. Disney Media Networks include the television, radio, cable, and the internet landscape. ABC entertainment, ABC Daytime, ABC News, and ABC sports appear on the television media. For the cable network are Disney channel, ABC Family, and Toon Disney. And for the radio media are Radio Disney and ABC News Radio. A fund with the American Red Cross has been set up by the Walt Disney Company with an initial donation of one million dollars and having its employees as contributors. The first quarter of 2005 financial results for the Walt Disney Company will be announced live beginning Monday January 31, 2005 at 4:30pm (E ST) through February 7, 2005 at 4:00pm (PST). Disney leadership reaction to critical incidents and crisis The Business leaders at Walt Disney pay attention to the world around them almost as much as they mange their organization. In doing so, DisneyHand a worldwide outreach of The Walt Disney Company brings the magic of Disney to those affected by incidents beyond their control. Along with cast-members (called Disney VoluntEARS), outreach helps in the areas of compassion, partnering with organizations that serve children, families, or others facing crises. In fiscal year 2004, DisneyHand donated more than $165 million in cash. Disney VoluntEARS also contributed more than 450,000 hours to help that in need (Business Wire 2001). In September 2001, DisneyHand committed to contributing 5 Million Dollars to the DisneyHAND Survivor Relief Fund. (Business Wire 2001) These donations went to providing assistance to victims and their Families of the New York and Washington D.C. 9/11 attacks. In doing so, Disney and DisneyHand display a culture of empathy and solidifies its corporate culture of ethical practices, and giving to the community. DisneyHand also creates the perception of an organization interested in more then just making money. The Disney staff embraces a philosophy that when they react to the incidents that happens around them, they can help in the best way with their own contributions. Workflow and organizational structure Workflow can be defined as the process used by an organization to manage operational task. McShane and Von Glinow define â€Å"Organizational structure as the division of labor as well as the patterns of coordination, communication, work flow, and formal power that directs organizational activities† (McShane & VonGlinow, 2003, p. 506). The workflow and structure of an organization helps to define week or strong organizations. Disney’s main strength comes from its organizational structure and workflow of managing the process of creativity and innovation. In doing so, they foster a culture that ensure controlled risk taking. Walt Disney has a structured methodology in its workflow and organizational structure. To ensure all employees and the organization follow this physiology, Disney uses the following five phased model: 1. Define the Culture – For the Organization and In every venture taken a. If a new theme ride is proposed, does the attraction fit within the Disney Culture 2. Align the ideas – To the Organizational Mission Statement and Strategic Direction a. Does a new movie or show parallel Disney’s Vision, Mission, and or Strategic Plan 3. Design the Process – Where ideas flow easily from conception to deployment a. Disney has open lines of communication between all employees from the CEO to a part time worker 4. Refine the Product of Service – Continually improve the idea a. Disney is always asking their customer what they can do to enhance their products. Then they add these enhancements to meet customer expectations. 5. Create Fail Safes – Embrace the concept of successful failures a. At Disney there are no bad ideas, and ideas that are not successes in the market place are opportunities to learn what the customer wants Organizational systems and procedures The Walt Disney Company incorporates Business Standards and Ethics training into its system to provide education and training for domestic and international employees. Disney wants to insure that all of its employees act ethically and legally, and remain in compliance with the company’s Standards of Business Conduct. Disney works towards keeping its communication open among its staff. Disney believes that open communication creates better teamwork and a healthy environment. According to Risk Management Society Publishing Inc. (1993), â€Å"Walt Disney has one of the most sophisticated risk management programs in the US. Disney has a separate loss control, safety, environmental health and industrial hygiene departments. All Walt Disney facilities worldwide are equipped to handle these functions in one form or another.† Walt Disney still holds true to its core mission that it started with, and that is providing quality entertainment for everyone around the world. In a quote from the Vice President and Principal Creative Executive at Walt Disney Imagineering, Sklar (2003) states â€Å"From the beginning, starting with Walt Disney, we have had five things that make me proud to be part of this Company: high-quality products, optimism for the future, great storytelling, an emphasis on family entertainment and great talent, passion and dedication from our Cast Members.† Disney’s values are their driving force that makes them retain the trust of the public and their shareholders. Those values are innovation, quality, community, storytelling, optimism and decency. Employee selection and replacement Walt Disney is committed to treating their employees and cast members with fairness, dignity, and respect. Disney provides equal opportunity for everyone without regard to race, religion, color, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age, marital status, or any of the other basis that are prohibited by state or federal law. Disney strives to help their employees develop and advance based on their abilities. They want to be able to attract and maintain an employee work force that is reflective of their guests, business partners, shareholders, and communities where they do business. They also want open opportunity so that everyone is advantaged based on their potential and never disadvantaged because they are part of a certain group or class. Disney strives to maintain an organization that is diverse and professional. Conclusion Walt Disney is a company that stands behind its name and its employees. Disney devoted his life to creating magic moments for his guests through the highest level of customer service. Walt Disney is devoted to environmental causes through conservation, action, and education. They are also committed to the highest standards of business excellence. The Disney Corporation is made up of six components, which help them remain consistent in the business standards that they have set for themselves. The six components of their business are their Business Standards and Ethics guidelines, corporate governance, community, environment, international labor standards, and safety.    References Business Wire Sept 18, 2001 p0018: BURBANK, California. Disney Online retrieved January 25, 2005 from http://corporate.disney.go.com. Edginton, D. (April 1998). The magic of management. Des Moines Business Record, 94,15, 10-12. Retrieved January 25, 2005 from EBSCO Database University of Phoenix Apollo Library. Lawson, A. & Fonts, G. (2004). Mental Illness in Disney Animated Films. Retrieved January 29, 2005, from EBSCO database University of Phoenix Apollo Library. Johnson, R. (September/October 1991). A strategy for service – Disney style. The Journal of Business Strategy, 13,5, 38-44. Retrieved January 26, 2005 from EBSCO database University of Phoenix Apollo Library. Lynch, L. (2001). Sustaining innovation Walt Disney instilled how. T &D, 55,6, 44-50. Retrieved January 26, 2005 from EBSCO database University of Phoenix Apollo Library. O’brien, T. (December 2003). Weiss sees employees as Disney’s Magic Makers. Amusement Business, 00032344, 12/8/2003, Vol. 115, Issue 49. Risk Management Society Publishing Inc. (1993). Risk Management, April (1993). 40, 31. Retrieved January 29, 2005, from InfoTrack One File University of Phoenix,Apollo Library. Sklar, M. (2003). Retrieved from The Walt Disney Company website on January 29, 2005, from http://corporate.disney.go.com.