Americas Violence Fixation Essay - 1310 Words

Americas Violence Fixation One of Americas biggest problems today is violence. It is happening everywhere, in the households, out on the streets, even in our schools. When we watch the news and see these acts of violence, we hear the blame be put to one thing: entertainment. Movies and video games are supposedly causing young people to behave aggressively in society, and maybe even compelling them to kill. Some even believe that video rental stores should have policies, such as always requiring an ID, and that some TV programs, movies, and games glorify guns and violence, as well as the guns themselves (center4policy.org). True, some films do portray murder and violence as justifiable; films such as Blade, in which†¦show more content†¦My parents were watching it, and I was sat down and spoke to about how it was not real, as if I could not distinguish fiction from reality at age 18. I had also planned to have some friends over the following day, who happened to be a year younger than I. After seeing this on television, my parents, who had initially permitted me to have company, had assumed that the reason that I had invited friends over was to play this game. After seeing this on television, they then said that I could not have anyone come over. One thing that I recall on the program that morning was that a columnist for the Washington Post, Mike Wilbon, said that those who created the game should be stoned to death. This man is basically saying that violence can be ended with violence. Would that not mean that more violence would be spawned? If he is thinks that the peopl e who made it are evil, and that they should be silenced by being stoned to death, what does that make him? What makes him think that the violence would be stopped right there? I think that if there is anything that the media is accomplishing anything, they are programming people to think things that are not even proven true. I wonder whether or not my parents would have said anything had they not seen that program that morning. I think that the media blames movies and video games because it is the easy way out. Granted it mayShow MoreRelated Media Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pages Violence in the Media Violence in the media has been a growing problem ever since the emergence of mass media. One wonders however, how violence has become so prominent in our culture, more so than other countries. More minors are being involved in heinous crimes such as murders and armed robberies. Even play on the school ground is getting rougher. There are many factors that play into the increasing violence, such as over population, religious struggles, and race. One factor thatRead MorePsychology of Serial Killers1430 Words   |  6 Pagesof them have been faced with sexual abuse, physical abuse, drug abuse, or alcoholism. Some parents see the red flags but often ignore these signs. Some of these signs include torturing animals, setting fires, and often wetting the bed. One of Americas first serial rapist/killer was Ted Bundy. Alvin Lewis, a Pima County Community College professor who has conducted clinical studies on rapists, gave a general description on the attitude of a rapist. He said they are normally between 20 and 35Read MoreThe Effects Of School Violence On Today s Youth2247 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract This research investigates definitions of school violence in general and as a subset of youth violence in particular and investigates and the core environmental factors and the individual student risk factors found to contribute to school violence. The research also includes investigation into the effects of school violence on today’s youth in general and the negative outcomes of school violence including poor physical health, poor mental health, poor academic achievement, and a decreasedRead MoreThe Concept Of Cultural Erasure, Inequality And Violence1791 Words   |  8 PagesPostcolonialism: The Concept of Cultural Erasure, Inequality and Violence Colonization can be dated back to 1492 with the Spanish venture led by Columbus. Colonialism is defined as â€Å"The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically† (Oxford Dictionary).This expedition spread European influence worldwide, in places such as China, Lebanon, India, and Antigua. European influence is still prevalentRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On The Health Risks Of The United States2237 Words   |  9 Pagesbe observed. In a study conducted in a juvenile correctional facility, the amount of sugar in the patients’ diets was gradually increased and reduced, and these fluctuations correlated directly to increases and reductions in antisocial behavior, violence, and overall social aggression between patients involved in the study (Marcus). By regulating the availability of sugar in the food industry, the United States government is removing both a societal toxin and a dangerous health risk. Sugar is justRead MoreAmerica’s Mafia: From Real Life to Big Screen And Back Again 2448 Words   |  10 PagesAmerica’s obsessions with the mafia and mafia-style films have existed for decades. The ability for an audience to connect on a deep level with a character of shady morals and seedy behavior is a requirement for gangster films to be successful. Hollywood has been able to successfully take real life mobsters and make them larger than life on the big screen. Though not all mafia films created are taken directly from real life, most movies have some essence of reality buried within the plot. ToRead MoreEruopean Expansion4283 Words   |  18 Pagesnecessary? Why or why not? What might either side have done to avoid war? Explain why it is sometimes argued that the Mexican War was a major cause of the Civil War. Why was there a reassertion of Manifest Destiny in the 1850s? What were the goals of America’s diplomacy at the time? Explain the widespread popularity of the concept of popular sovereignty as a way to resolve the issue of slavery in the territories. Then explain why it ultimately failed.*** Explain the relationship between the Ostend ManifestoRead MoreShould Juveniles be Transferred to Adult Courts? Essay examples2152 Words   |  9 Pagesgreatest resource, and our hope for a better tomorrow. For many Americans, though, children invoke fear. They represent violence, a segment of society lacking in self-control and devoid of ethics and morals, and the failure of the family to instill traditional values, chief among them being the value of human life and respect for others. Fear of crime, especially random violence and new wave of superpredators by young Americans, is among the nations greatest concerns (Lacayo 28). It has servedRead MoreRisk on Studen Prostitute in Zamboanga City4811 Words   |  20 Pagesprostitution on those involved. Most psychologists believe the long-term psychological harm resulting from prostitution is comparable to that from rape or domestic violence. Beyond the Streets highlights that 76% of those involved in prostitution experience some form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The core experiences of violence and psychological trauma associated with prostitution are disempowerment and disconnection with others. Internally these experiences often cause a ‘split’ betweenRead More High Heels Essay examples3495 Words   |  14 PagesHowever, when the French monarchy fell, so did the height of shoes. From then on heels rose and fell depending on current fashions and politics. (OKeefe, 74) The high heel returned to dominate fashion in the middle of the 1900s and in 1988 Americas first heel factory opened, allowing for easier access and availability. However, the 1950s ushered in the era of the stiletto. OKeefe says, Of all the miracles of modern shoe technology, the stiletto may stand as the greatest. (OKeefe, 120)

The Power of Choice Essay - 751 Words

â€Å"Use wisely your power of choice† laws of life essay. Choices are the decisions we make in life, some are good and others are bad. People make choices every second of everyday. The choices we make will always have an outcome, whether or not it is a positive or negative one. People have the choice of whom they accept as normal through comparisons of what they look like and also by their own behaviors. People who act and look like each other and with similar values are more likely to accept individuals of the same kind. Whether it is the difference between race, religion, or even political views, to tell an individual to accept everyone for their differences is only impossible. We make over 100 choices daily and we don’t even realize†¦show more content†¦For many kids their role models are a favorite singer, athlete, or their parents. Based on what their role model would do, they would think it is right to do also. As years pass, kids may change who their role models are but at the same time, they can keep the same one, they may just have a better understanding of what to do. Sometimes the views of their role model is that, if he or she can do it, it will be okay for them to do it also. But this is very untrue. If their role model is and alcoholic , then the person may get the impression that it is okay and that they can too, but they cannot if they are not of age. Life is said to be a basic human right, whereas death is a natural occurrence. The only things that is different between a living human being and a dead one are prior events. One can choose a path that keeps ones self alive one extra day, whereas another can choose a path that leads to ones death. Choices for a Day, Consequences for a Lifetime Many believe that we are born innocent and pure, and from day one we choose how our life is to be dictated. Others may believe that we are evil and are not capable of a life without sin. Another thought may be that we are born with an unbiased arrangement or a clean state and we are affected and influenced by the world around us. However, whatever the case may be, the choices we make dictate the lives we lead but yet the lives we lead dictate our choices. Our environment and theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Power of Choice1780 Words   |  8 Pages People make choices everyday; in the space of a single day we can make hundreds of choices without even realizing it. Some of theses choices are made for the better and some for the worse. But in reality many of theses choices are small and insignificant like what to eat for breakfast or what shoes to wear that day. These menial choices, for the most part, do not have a large effect on our day-to-day lives. However, every so often we are faced with a choice that places us at a cross roads of ourRead MoreNuclear Power : The Realistic, Smart Choice1329 Words   |  6 Pages12th 2016 Nuclear Power: The realistic, smart choice After the Fukushima Daiichi accident, nuclear power was once again brought into the spotlight with one burning question: Is it worth the risks? Well, I believe it is, and that we can avoid those risks altogether if we do it properly. One of our biggest upcoming problems is climate change, and with solar and wind power not able to provide enough clean power, nuclear is the safe, reliable, realistic, and clean option. Nuclear power has always beenRead MoreSwitching Of Solar Power : A Alternative Energy Choice1063 Words   |  5 PagesSWITCHING TO SOLAR POWER IS A HEATHIER ALTERNATIVE ENERGY CHOICE ENG101_wk10_assn1_tdorrbecker_06122016 The 2003 Northeast Blackout was a two-day nightmare that spanned from New York to Canada. This incredible event was not due to a storm, but computer and human error; affecting over fifty million people with estimated losses up to ten billion dollars and 11 deaths (Walsh, 2013)! A loss of power turns inconvenience into a life-changing event when food in the refrigerator spoils, public transportationRead MoreExploring The Power And Purpose Behind Choice Writing996 Words   |  4 PagesTopic Title: Exploring the Power and Purpose Behind Choice Writing in Kindergarten 2. WHY: Post Title: Working With Young Writers: Examining Best Practices Message: Kids using the Writing Workshop approach learn and refine specific skills they apply during independent workshop time. When teaching to support and develop independent writers, we want kids to build enduring connections that they can apply when they write†¦beyond the workshop.   We want them to own understandings of conventions and theRead MoreOptimum Fuel Choice to Ensure Power Supply2423 Words   |  10 Pagesof the three energy sources (gas, coal and nuclear) we have made the conclusion that encompasses the security of supply issue for Ireland, UK and France, for their future fuel sustainability. Introduction This paper investigates the optimum fuel choice to ensure security of supply. In this case we will be closely looking at Ireland, UK and France, and analysing nuclear, coal and gas as our fuel sources. The different situations we will be examining will include their advantages and disadvantagesRead MorePower of Choice in Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The choice between good and evil is a decision every man must make throughout his life in order to guide his actions and control his future. This element of choice, no matter what the outcome, displays mans power as an individual.nbsp; Any efforts to control or influence this choice between good and evil will in turn govern mans free will and enslave him.nbsp; In the novel A Clockwork Orange,nbsp; the author uses symbolism through imageryRead MoreSolar And Wind Power Is The Best Choice For Many Scientists928 Words   |  4 Pagesenergy. In 1991, the worst disaster happened in the Arabian Gulf, and it was closed to my hometown. It’s estimated more than 250,000 seabirds died by oil spill (Laura Moss, 2010). However, solar and wind power is the best choice for many scientists to preserve the environment. In the past, renewable power had some difficulties because most of the energy has obtained from hydroelectric levees, whereas now produce more than quarter of the globe’s energy (reading 1). As well as this, more than 85 of theRead More Destiny, Free Will and Choice - The Power of Fate in Oedipus the King1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Fate in Oedipus the King The concept of fate has existed since the time of the ancient Greeks. The Greeks believed very strongly in fate, which can be defined as either a power beyond human control that determines events, or the outcome or end. In Oedipus Rex, King Oedipus lives and dies by fate. Fate influences the entire plot, thereby allowing for some interesting developments that may be unpredictable to the audience. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex, fate truly is a huge factorRead MoreThe Real Creative Power Of Henry Mancini s Music Choices2230 Words   |  9 PagesComposer, Henry Mancini, once said, â€Å"the real creative power is in the mind and heart of the composer.† Henry Mancini was the composer for Touch of Evil and Breakfast at Tiffany’s. While these two films may seem like they don’t connect with each other at any point, they do and it is with Henry Mancini. By examining Touch of Evil and Breakfast at Tiffany’s through the lens of Henry Mancini’s music choices we can see that Mancini’s music choices were just as important as Blake Edwards, director. ManyRead MoreA Shift in the Balance of Power Between the Generations and the Sexes Throughout Hobsons Choice1239 Words   |  5 PagesA Shift in the Balance of Power Between the Generations and the Sexes Throughout Hobsons Choice The stereotypical view of that period was that men had more power compared to women. Whether it was a father or a husband they had a more powerful status. The women were seen as the weaker sex and second class citizens this is portrayed by Jim, a womans foolishness begins where a mans leaves off. Women had a very homely image also. Children of this period were to be

Organizational Behavior Theory and Practice

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior for Theory and Practice. Answer: Introduction Organizational behavior is a process that helps in understanding the behavior of each individual in an organization in order to manage the differences. Every individual behaves differently in an organization and it is difficult for the manager to organize the diverse culture in the organization he is working .Mr. John is a manager of a multinational organization and managing a team of 20 people belonging to a different cultural background. It is difficult for him to manage the diverse teams and the organization culture.While building a workforce with a diverse background and culture it is difficult for him to remove the barrier while increasing the productivity at the same time. It is his duty to increase the communication among the employees in order to retrieve maximum benefit. In a diverse environment it has become more essential to manage each individual needs as per the organizational culture (McShane Von Glinow, 2011). Situational Analysis Mr. John has a working experience of 8 years in a Multinational organization. He is currently managing a team of 20 people from different cultural background. Recently he has faced a collision of interest in the group that has affected the productivity of the team. His team includes people from different cultural background having acumen skills. Globalization has led to integration of worlds economy and multinational organizations require an effective leader to lead the diverse teams. It is essential to understand the system approach in between people, group and whole organization. The whole purpose of this approach is to gain individual objectives and sustenance. Organizational behavior covers various different approaches to organize the organization towards broad objectives. The main purpose in the given scenario is to attain individual and organizational objectives. There are different concepts and approaches formulated under organizational behavior theory. It includes number of t heories like human behavior entity, leadership and team working. Under this situation it is the duty of Mr. John to give more importance to values, vision and goals. These three elements are taken into consideration while managing a large sized business organization. The organizational culture include formal informal and social environment and it is important for an organization to consider all the major factors while framing down the policies. Organizational behavior hence helps to attain the sustainable objectives. The organizational culture helps him to attain desired objectives. It helps in effective decision making by focusing on work environmental, leadership qualities, Team work and coordination. Under the given situation It is his duty to take effective decisions in order to enhance the productivity(Bakker Schaufeli, 2008). Means to Attain Efficiency In the given situation Mr. John can work upon creating an Effective communication in his organization to attain success. This will therefore help in managing effective relationship among the employees and employer. Internal and external communication is equally important to manage the work (Pinder,2014). The two important ideas behind the concept are to build trust with other people by disclosing the information about oneself. Secondly it is based on taking feedbacks from other, this helps in understanding the personal issues the team is currently facing. Implication of Johari Window Tool Johari window helps in understanding the value of self-disclosure and encourages accepting the constructive feedback. It is one of the effective manners that help in building healthy relationship with others. This helps in resolving issues and develops an effective team (Colquitt, Lepine Wesson, 2011). The open quadrant depicts the information other get to know about him/her. It includes individual behavior, skills, and attitude. The blind area quadrant 2 represents the things one isnt aware of, but other people are aware about it. The third quadrant represents those things one knows about but other doesnt know. The Quadrant 4 represents unknown things about oneself and the others. The final goal of implying the procedure is to widen up the open area without disclosing personal information. The most important quadrant as per the Johari window is the open area. It is evident that more people know about each other the more productive result organization gives. In the given situation the team mates doesnt know anything about each other. This is widening the difference in opinion of the team. The process involves enlarging the self disclosure area in order to increase mutual cooperation and effectiveness. At an initial stage Johari box seems like a complex tool but it is an effective tool used by the managers to manage the communication within the team members. Mr. John needs to implement the tool in an effective manner by focusing on the larger area than a new team members. The new team members take time to open up with the old team members. In such a situation it is necessary to develop an effective strategy to foster communication. In every case manager needs to focus on the whole process in order to attain constructive feedback. The main focus of Johari Window is to expand the open area by focusing on the disclosing the feeling within the group. It is necessary for him to develop more effective communication channel that help in achieving goals. The managers and the team members play an important role by reducing the contingencies occurring while communicating concern (Nelson Cooper,2007). It is the duty of Mr. John to develop an effective communication procedure in order to gain sustainable results. This is an evident fact that an effective leader has a duty to develop an effective organization environment so that people can perform their duty efficiently(Wright Nishii,2007). Personal Strength and Weakness Strengths of Mr. John Mr. John has to effectively implement the plan in order to focus on the goals. He has a duty to assemble the efforts of whole organization in order to attain desired set of results. In a large sized organization it is necessary to carefully address the disputes occurring in between the people. He has effectively managed the relationship in between the people in the organization (Miner, 2015). He has planned about the organization by focusing on multiple tasks given to the team members. He has organized the efforts of the employees in order to manage various tasks. Mr. John has to effectively managed communication among the employees in order to attain results. Most importantly he knows how to delegate the efforts to his subordinate. An efficient manager is a role model for the team and optimistic in outlook. He needs to set an example for the rest of the people in the organization. He has developed a flexible environment at workplace by assimilating the efforts of individual employee s. Weaknesses of Mr. John In the current context his team is finding difficult in performing effectively due to internal disputes. Mr. John has lack of decision making skills while delegating responsibilities. He is finding difficulty in coordinating the efforts. His team is unable to focus on employing decision making in real life situation. It is necessary for an organization to develop effective work environment by reducing the excess pressure on the employees. He has to utilize all his strengths in order to produce effective results. He has multifaceted responsibilities in order to attain desired results. An efficient leader exhibit great leadership style helps him in achieving results. I(Robbins Judge,2012). It is necessary for an organization to evolve some of the leadership trait in order to attain desired results. Worlds leaders exhibits efficient leadership style that help in transforming not only the organization but the whole world. Duty as a Change Agent and a Leader An effective leader is a visionary who help in transforming what is actually happening. They challenge the status quo by introducing a new way of doing a business. Mr. John has to find out the best idea to implement the changes in the organization. Theleader understands the capabilities of the employees and implements it accordingly. A leader has to set pace with the organization in order to recover the deficiency in the employees. This not only helps in achieving effective results but empower people with deep-seated value. They set an example for the world by marking a revolution. They push the staff to offer effective result to the organization. It is sometimes hard for the employees to imbibe it routine job but they push them to attain distinguished results. The leaders have a commanding quality in order to take further the interest of the organization. He need to constantly providedirection to the employees. Employees have to work according to the direction provided to them. Ther e are world renowned leaders who haveinspiring qualities to motivate the employees (DuBrin,2013). In a distinguished and diverse business environment it has become important for them. They are seen as a most efficient and efficient leaders by inspiring people about the organization (Wagner Hollenbeck, 2014). Key Competencies Leadership is a tool that helps in creating and inspiring change in an organization. He has inspired the people by giving theme sense of vision and a mission. Leadership is evolved through personal influence and objectives. As a leader John has applied different set of skills. This process is necessary for an organization to retrieve better outcome. The skills in a leader are developed due to exposure and interaction. These traits generally influence the behavior of an individual. An efficient leader is not born but is developed due to consistent hard work and dedication (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart Wright, 2007). A manager has a duty to impart training to the employees in an organization in order to develop efficient leadership norms. In order to achieve result it is necessary to set examples in order to attain results. The fundamental point is to know the human nature their emotions and to practice it in order to attain employees support. Communication is necessary in an organization. It is important to develop two ways communication. Feedbacks are necessary for an organization to attain results. The results completely depend upon the manner in which one interacts with other. It is however necessary to reflect the style of leadership and to focus on harnessing relationship with the employees (Hogg Terry,2014). The manager has to decide which leadership style is important at what circumstance. The manager has to use the best judgment in order to decide best course of action. It is the duty of the manager to confront the employee who is behaving in an inappropriate manner. Leaders action has a great impact on the organization behavior. Most of the leader across the globe follows process theory of leadership instead of the trait theory of leadership. There are majority of factors that affect the growth of an organization. It depend upon the structure of the organization whether its a formal or informal. An individual position as a manager helps him to focus on the strategies that are based on his strengths and weakness. Every individual has a different set of skills and manner to implement the strategies in the organization. The manager has to efficiently implement the plan managed by him in order to retrieve maximum benefit. All the business functions and major role are played by the manager by getting people together. The whole process of management includes planning, organizing, staffing, leading, coordinating the efforts of the rest of the organization in same direction (Jones, 2010). Team Feedback The team Mr. John is working with is happy with the manner in which he handles the situation. His team is happy with the amount of efforts he is taking while managing the situation. The manager who is inefficient to manage a large sized business organization causes failure. The effectiveness of a leader depends upon the primary objective of an individual. The main purpose of the manager is to resource all the functions in an organization and to implement the functions in same direction by giving each a responsibility. He is efficiently managing the disputes in between the people in his team by building effective communication channels. The size of the management varies from person to person and it is necessary to develop the important resources to retrieve benefit (Luthans, 2010). Conclusion The whole purpose of organizing an organization is through implementation of effective tools that can be used by the organization in a resourceful manner. Themanagers have a power and responsibility to work efficiently in order to accomplish the purpose. Motivating the employees in a positive direction has become an important tools used by the manager in order to deal difficult situations. Application of Johari Window helps in establishing an effective communication system within an organization that helps in serving majority of goals. Communication is one of the most important tools used by the manger to resolve the internal and external disputes. This not only help in accomplishing pre-determined result but also help in setting futuristic objectives. The organizational culture include formal informal and social environment and it is important for an organization to consider all the major factors while framing down the policies(Altman, Valenzi Hodgetts,2013). The manager in a social perspective has to focus on various points in an organization to reflect his position in comparison to others. It is necessary for an organization to hire an efficient manager who consistently works in dealing with the tough situations. An effective leader is a visionary who help in transforming what is actually happening. They challenge the status quo by introducing a new way of doing a business. Hence it is necessary to recognize the strengths and weakness in order to develop long lasting effective relationship (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). References Altman, S., Valenzi, E., Hodgetts, R. M. (2013).Organizational behavior: Theory and practice. Elsevier. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice.Kogan Page Publishers. Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations.Journal of Organizational Behavior,29(2), 147-154. Colquitt, J., Lepine, J. A., Wesson, M. J. (2011).Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace. McGraw-Hill Irwin. DuBrin, A. J. (2013).Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J. (Eds.). (2014).Social identity processes in organizational contexts. Psychology Press. Jones, G. R. (2010). Organizational theory, design, and change. Luthans, F. (2010).Organizational Behavior 12 edition.McGraw-Hill Education. McShane, S., Von Glinow, M. (2011).M: Organizational behavior. Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Miner, J. B. (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Nelson, D., Cooper, C. L. (Eds.).(2007).Positive organizational behavior.Sage. Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., Wright, P. M. (2007).Fundamentals of human resource management. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Pinder, C. C. (2014).Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. (2012).Essentials of organizational behavior. Essex: Pearson. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Wright, P. M., Nishii, L. H. (2007). Strategic HRM and organizational behavior: Integrating multiple levels of analysis.CAHRS Working Paper Series, 468.

Water Quality Drinking Water Treatment

This reflective report analyses New York City’s drinking water quality and the treatment process. The paper identifies the contaminants in New York City water and analyzes these contaminants through a broad spectrum approach.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Water Quality Drinking Water Treatment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The New York City Water Report The fluoride contaminant violated the maximum requirement level in the New York drinking water. The fluoride content of 2.2 mg/L in this water is almost double the concentration level of 1.0mg/L as situated by the New York City Health Code. The calcium contaminant was very close to violating the maximum contaminant levels in the New York City drinking water. The concentration of calcium contaminant was recorded at 5.3 mg/L against an average of between 4.4 and 6.7 mg/L. Contaminant detected: Nitrate Name of the Contaminant MCL Physical properties S ources of contamination Health effects Treatment methods Nitrate 0.12mg/L Molecular formula is NO3−. The weight is 62.0049 g/molecule. It is soluble in water. Overspill from used fertilizer. Leakage from water treatment tanks. Sewage runoff. Natural erosion from deposits. Toxicosis: may lead to methemoglobinemia (blue baby) condition characterized by lack of enough oxygen in the vital body organs. May lead to death of animals when the concentration in drinking water over 70%. Oxidation of excess nitrate is necessary in water treatment. The oxidizing agent that can be used is the ozone. The ozone will oxidize all the nitrites in into the less toxic nitrates. Water Treatment Plant Configuration Water in its natural source is often subject to fecal contamination, primarily derived from processes of decomposition of organic nitrogenous material present in water. While ammonia (ammonium) and nitrites indicate an organic contamination, there are several harmless contaminants p resent in water such iron and calcium among others. The diagram below represents a typical water treatment plant summarizing the processes involved in water treatment. Schematic water treatment diagramAdvertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Steps involved in the water treatment Step 1: Screening The raw water is passed through a sieving screen to eliminate relatively large pieces of foreign material such as rocks, leaves, and sticks. At this stage, Potassium permanganate chemical may be used when the raw water has traces of algal bloom. Step 2: Coagulation This involves passing the raw water into a coagulation tank where visible particles that remained after the screening stage are separated and channeled to an ejection tank for farm use. Step 3: Sedimentation The water is then moved to a special tank that is designed to allow for any remaining particle in the water to patch up at the base of the sediment tank. Step 4: Filtration The dual media in the filtration tank consisting of anthracite and sand ensures that all the visible pollutants are eliminated. Step 5: Disinfection Regulated amount of chlorine is passed into the water to inactivate any pathogens that might have passed through the previous steps. At this stage, controlled quantity of fluoride ingredient is added to the disinfected water to reduce incidences of tooth discoloration and decay upon use of this water. Step 6: Storage and distribution The fully treated water is then channel to storage tanks for a while before being distributed to the final user.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Water Quality Drinking Water Treatment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Water treatment is carried out by using special purification equipments that measured the 4 parameters of contamination (nitrates, phosphates, chlorides and s ulfur). However, the concentration of each parameter detected varies due to the conditions and flow of water from its source. There are significant differences between the parameters, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen in different water sources. This essay on Water Quality Drinking Water Treatment was written and submitted by user Marc Shelton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Poetry Essays - Rhyme, Figures Of Speech, Rhetorical Techniques

Poetry Essays - Rhyme, Figures Of Speech, Rhetorical Techniques Poetry POETRY REPORT 1. THE DANCE The song The Dance was written by Country Music star Garth Brooks in 1989. To Garth The Dance has many meanings, such as a love gone bad or life. He really thinks that it is about the loss of the people who gave up their life as an ultimate sacrifice. Some of these people are John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. I chose this song because it is one of my favorites and the meaning that it gives to the listener. The meaning is that life is better left to live and chance than to miss everything by not do anything or even living. Throughout the song many of the poetic terms are used. The rhyme scheme that is used is that the first verse has no rhyme in it. The chorus, second verse and the tag have the first two lines and the second two lines rhyme with each other. The tone that is displayed is sad but if the person didn?t take a chance he wouldn?t of had anything at all. ?The dance we shared ?neath the stars above? shows the imagery of the song. A metaphor is used in ?I could have missed the pain but I?d of had to miss the dance. The dance is referring to life and the pain is where the person never lived or did anything at all. The line that is repeated, or the refrain, is?I could have missed the pain but I?d of had to miss the dance.? There are four stanzas present in the song. The mood that is given to the reader is sympathetic and/or empathetic. Similes and personification are not used. 2.ELDORADO The poem Eldorado was written by Edgar Allan Poe on April 21, 1849. Eldorado was a ?Golden City? to the Spanish Conquistadors that they never found. In the poem the knight is looking for this special thing, and he travels all his life to find it. The knight is very sad and never finds what he is looking for. Later in the poem he starts to die (it?s actually later in his life). The knight finds a vision and asks it why he cannot find what he is looking for. The vision tells him where it is and that it could be unreachable if he did not continue looking for it. The vision encourages the knight not to give up and to always try really hard to achieve your goals. I chose this poem because it sounded cool. Once I analyzed it I really liked the meaning it gave: to never give up and to always try until you succeed. This poem uses many of the poetic terms. The sequence AABCCB makes up the rhyme scheme. The author?s tone is a feeling of frustration and inadequacy in not finding his ?gold?. The imagery is given in dark and light. ?In sunshine and in shadow? which probably mean life and death is a metaphor. Eldorado which is thesomething special or gold is also a metaphor. The last line in every stanza are similar and make up the refrain. Personification is represented with the ghost(shadow) giving the knight advice in how to find his ?gold?. The mood that the reader has is a supernatural feeling. It is also mythical because Eldorado was a mythical place. Similes are not used in this poem. POETIC TERMS 1.RHYME SCHEME- A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem. 2.TONE- The writer?s attitude toward his or her subject, characters, or audience. 3.IMAGERY- Is the descriptive or figurative language used in literature to create word pictures for the reader. 4. METAPHOR- A figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as thogh it were something else. 5. SIMILE- A figure of speech that makes a direct comparison between two subjects using either like or as. 6. REFRAIN- A repeated line ora group of lines in a poem or a song. 7. PERSONIFICATION- A figure of speech in which a nonhuman subject is given human characteristics. 8. STANZA- A group of lines in a poem. 9. MOOD- Atmosphere, is the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage.

CDS MATHS QUESTION PAPER Essays

CDS MATHS QUESTION PAPER Essays CDS MATHS QUESTION PAPER Essay CDS MATHS QUESTION PAPER Essay I hope you find this helpful 🙂 Thank you The Combined Defence Services Examination (CDS) is conducted twice a year by the Union Public Service Commission for recruitment into the Indian Military Academy, Officers Training Academy, Indian Naval Academy and Indian Air Force Academy. The Notification for the examination is usually released in the months of October and June, and the examinations are conducted in February and November respectively. Only unmarried graduates are eligible to sit for the exam. Successful candidates are dmitted into the respective Academies after an interview conducted by the Services Selection Board (SSB). Eligibility Criteria[l] For Indian Military Academy/Offcers Training Academy: Degree from a recognized university or equivalent For Naval Academy: Bachelor of Engineering For Air Force Academy: Degree of a recognized University with Physics and Mathematics at 10+2 level or Bachelor of Engineering Bachelor of Technology Age Limit Indian Military Academy 19-24 years[2] Air Force Academy 19-23 Years[3] Naval Academy 19-22 years [4] Officers Training Academy 19-25 years (not before 2 June) Scheme of Examination Indian Military Academy / Air Force Academy / Naval Academy All the papers are of objective type. Subject Marks English 100 General Knowledge 100 Elementary Mathematics 100 Total 300 Officers Training Academy Total 200 Candidates successful in the written exam are then called for an interview by a Services Selection Board which evaluates a candidates suitability for a career in the a candidate undergoes various physical and psychological tests to ascertain whether r not he is officer material. Apart from SSB interview, Air Force academy candidates are tested for Pilot Aptitude Battery test [PAST]. After these tests, candidates undergone medical examination before finally admitted into the above mentioned academies, and after successful completion of training, they are inducted into the armed forces. Armed forces offer very exciting career to young men and women in several fields. Career in the forces, in addition as a career, is also an adventure in itself. To ensure hat appropriate candidates are chosen, a comprehensive selection process is adopted by the armed forces through Service Selection Board (SSB) interview. This system of selection is based on the trait theory of leadership which assumes that every leader must have some specific and pre-determined leadership traits. It also presumes that such traits can be acquired by a candidate with the passage of time meaning thereby that a person once rejected in an SSB interview is likely to succeed if he acquires some of the traits with the passage of time. The present system of selection, although is long and takes four to five days, is thus based on an objective assessment of each candidate in which the qualities like initiative, alertness, judgement, courage, physical fitness endurance, cooperation, group planning, decisiveness,knowledge, etc. are Judged. In addition, psychological and mental robustness of the candidate vis-a-vis requirements of the Armed Forces is Judged and finally an overall assessment of the personality of a candidate is made by way of an exhaustive personal interviews.

Pastoral communication to the migrants (Reference to African Roman Dissertation

Pastoral communication to the migrants (Reference to African Roman Catholic ) - Dissertation Example According to Official documents of the Roman Catholic Church, 2004), â€Å"Today’s migration makes up the vastest movement of people of all times. In these last decades, the phenomenon, now involving about two hundred million individuals, has turned into a structural reality of contemporary society.† This is also a reason, accounting for the attention that the church gives to migrants. However, in order that pastors in the African Catholic Church deliver their pastoral duties successfully and in a way that ensures that the dream of the church is lived, there is the urgent need to address the issue of communication between pastors and migrants. This is because communication forms the basis of every kind of support and help given to migrants. This means that good communication can ensure success whereas bad communication would be tantamount to failure. Steele (2010) posits that â€Å"communication is a process by which information is exchanged†. This skill is essen tially important in pastoral services rendered to migrants. However, before a pastor even says ‘jack’ to communicating with migrants, there are a couple of factors to consider. In the first place, it is extremely important for the pastor to understand into detail, the cause of the migration. In Africa for instance, a lot of people migrate because of harsh economic, social and political conditions in their countries.

U.S financial crisis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U.S financial crisis - Term Paper Example It was a steady and gradual pace that caught up that finally brings the entire structure crashing down. Some say that it is already over while others argue that it is far from being so and that it will take years to be able to say the country has rid of it completely. Regardless of these arguments, it is of the most import that causes be analyzed to provide for an effective solution to the ailing financial state of the country. There is of course the palpable difference between the dynamics of the economy years ago to the current intricacies of today’s government laden with globalization and a multifaceted area that encompasses the interlocutory status of a country to many others. The crisis as experienced today can be traced back decades ago to the time of Pres. Ronald Reagan and the heyday of capitalism. This is not a direct attack on the merits of Reaganism but merely serves proof that the way business was done then does not necessarily carry with it its applicability decades after. The sheer size of businesses today renders this trite from the time when it was at its prime efficiency. This ideology as Francis Fukuyama states in his article titled ‘The Fall of America, Inc.’ carries two sacred concepts, â€Å"first, that tax cuts would be self-financing, and second, that financial markets could be self-regulating (p. 26). The demand for the dollar by majority of international traders allowed the government to push over as inconsequential the budget deficit. The latter, as we know it, is the very essence of free-market capitalism. The problem reverts back to the issue of housing in the United States. The 1980’s created a mentality for the need of homeownership as definitive of self-identity among Americans. They have then identified themselves as investors and real property was the trend of investment (Shiller, p. 29). â€Å"In Britain as it was in the United States, it wasn’t just owning a home. It was being a better person† (Karabell,

Cost Information for decision making Essay Example for Free

Cost Information for decision making Essay Two common costing systems used in business are traditionally cost accounting system (job costing, process costing and operating costing) and activity-based costing system (ABC). There are some similarities and differences between these systems. Regarding the similarities, both accumulate product costs throughout the production process and assign those costs to individual units of production. Additionally, product cost under two costing systems consists of direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead. In terms of differences, they are different in the way how the overhead costs are allocated. For conventional costing, it assigns manufacturing overhead based on a single volume based cost driver such as direct labour hours. In contrast, ABC approaches cost from the perspective that products do not cause costs. It requires activities which are the causes of all costs incurred so it allocates manufacturing overhead according to the activities needed to produce the products. Therefore, it highlights the existence of non value added activity which is not existed under traditional method. ABC also differs from conventional costing in the use of several cost pools when allocating the overhead costs. For instance, traditional costing uses only one cost pool to distribute the overhead whereas there are many cost pools involved under ABC. Furthermore, ABC employs both volume-based and non-volume-based cost drivers while conventional costing utilizes only volume-based cost drivers. Another difference is that conventional approach complies with the GAAP so it can be used to satisfy conventional financial reporting requirements. On the other hand, accounting standard board does not accept ABC to prepare financial statements so it can be useful for internal management decision. Under conventional system, there are similarities between job costing, process costing and operating costing. Firstly, they accumulate product costs throughout the production process and assign those costs to products. Secondly, these costing systems calculate the product costs which comprise direct material, direct labour and manufacturing overhead. Lastly, the cost flows for three systems is from raw material to work in process to finished goods and then to costs of goods sold. These first two systems can be distinguished by the following differences. First, job costing system is used by the company which produces unique products or products based on customer orders. Conversely, process costing is for the firms which produce one or a few homogenous products and often have continuous mass production. Second, each individual product costs are traced easily under job costing while process costing makes no attempt to track individual product costs. Thirdly, under job costing, the transfer from one job to another does not take place whereas the production from one process is transferred to next one till the product is full completed under process costing. Next, process costing accumulates product costs in each production department throughout the period while job order costing accumulates product costs to specific units. Operating costing for company which has a mix production system that produces in large quantities but then is customized the finished product. Therefore, operating costing is a combination of process costing and job costing. However, it differs from job and process costing which includes more than two types of cost pools in overhead allocation process. The cost pools are designed to match the separate processes that may be allocated to batches of products. Comment about the quality of your work: According to the assessment criteria, my answer for the question should be marked 7. This is for the following reasons. Firstly, the answer is well-organized into five paragraphs which consist of differences between conventional costing and ABC costing. For instance, the first and second paragraphs demonstrate the similarities and differences between conventional costing and ABC. Apart from this, the answer also points out the similarities and differences between job costing, process costing and operating costing.

An Overview of Consent and Restraint

An Overview of Consent and Restraint Consent, Deliberate or implied affirmation; compliance with a course of  proposed action. Consent is essential in a number of circumstances. For example,  contracts and marriages are invalid unless both parties give their consent. Consent  must be given freely, without duress or deception, and with sufficient legal  competence to give it (see also INFORMED CONSENT). In criminal law, issues of consent  arise mainly in connection with offences involving violence and *dishonesty. For  public-policy reasons, a victims consent to conduct which foreseeably causes him  bodily harm is no defence to a charge involving an *assault, *wounding, or  *homicide; in other cases the defendant should be acquitted if the magistrates or  jury have a reasonable doubt not only as to whether the victim had consented but  also as to whether he thought the victim had consented. Restraint,  assault and  an intentional or reckless act that causes someone to be put in fear of  immediate physical harm. Actual physical contact is not necessary to constitute an  assault (for example, pointing a gun at someone is an assault), but the word is often  loosely used to include both threatening acts and physical violence (see BATTERY).   Words alone cannot constitute an assault. Assault is a form of *trespass to the  person and a crime as well as a tort: an ordinary (or common) assault, as described  above, is a *summary offence punishable by a *fine at level 5 on the standard scale  and/or up to six months imprisonment. Certain kinds of more serious assault are  known as aggravated assaults and carry stricter penalties. Examples of these are  assault with intent to resist lawful arrest (two years), assault occasioning *actual  bodily harm (five years), and assault with intent to rob (life imprisonment).   battery The intentional or reckless application of physical force to someone  without his consent. Battery is a form of *trespass to the person and is a *summary  offence (punishable with a *fine at level 5 on the standard scale and/or six months  imprisonment) as well as a tort, even if no actual harm results. If actual harm does  result, however, the *consent of the victim may not prevent the act from being  criminal, except when the injury is inflicted in the course of properly conducted  sports or games (e.g.rugby or boxing) or as a result of reasonable surgical  intervention. Duty of care, The legal obligation to take reasonable care to avoid causing damage. There is no liability in tort for *negligence unless the act or omission that causes  damage is a breach of a duty of care owed to the claimant. There is a duty to take  care in most situations in which one can reasonably foresee that ones actions may  cause physical damage to the person or property of others. The duty is owed to  those people likely to be affected by the conduct in question. Thus doctors have a  duty of care to their patients and users of the highway have a duty of care to all  other road users. But there is no general duty to prevent other persons causing  damage or to rescue persons or property in danger, liability for careless words is  more limited than liability for careless acts, and there is no general duty not to  cause economic loss or psychiatric illness. In these and some other situations, the  existence and scope of the duty of care depends on all the circumstances of the  relationship between the parties. Most duties of care are th e result of judicial  decisions, but some are contained in statutes, such as the Occupiers Liability Act  1957 Negligence and  Carelessness amounting to the culpable breach of a duty: failure  negligent misstatement 328 329 NHS Trust  to do something that a reasonable man (i.e. an average responsible citizen) would do, or doing something that a reasonable man would not do. In cases of professional negligence, involving someone with a special skill, that person is expected to show  the skill of an average member of his profession. Negligence may be an element in a  few crimes, e.g. *careless and inconsiderate driving, and various regulatory offences,  which are usually punished by fine. The main example of a serious crime that may  be committed by negligence is *manslaughter (in one of its forms). When negligence  is a basis of criminal liability, it is no defence to show that one was doing ones best  if ones conduct still falls below that of the reasonable man in the circumstances. See  also GROSS NEGLIGENCE. 2. A tort consisting of the breach of a *duty of care resultingà ‚  in damage to the claimant. Negligence in the sense of carelessness does not give rise  to civil liability unless the defendants failure to conform to the standards of the  reasonable man was a breach of a duty of care owed to the claimant, which has  caused damage to him. Negligence can be used to bring a civil action when there is  no contract under which proceedings can be brought. Normally it is easier to sue for  *breach of contract, but this is only possible when a contract exists. Generally, fewer  heads of damage can be claimed in negligence than in breach of contract, but the  rules limiting the time within which actions can be brought (see LIMITATION OF  ACTIONS) may be more advantageous for actions in tort for negligence than for  actions in contract. See also CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE; RES IPSA LOQUITUR.   vicarious liability   Legal liability imposed on one  person for torts or crimes committed by another (usually an employee but  vicarious performance 526 527 violent disorder  sometimes an *independent contractor or agent), although the person made  vicariously liable is not personally at fault. An employer is vicariously liable for  torts committed by his employees when he has authorized or ratified them or when  the tort was committed in the course of the employees work. Thus negligent  driving by someone employed as a driver is a tort committed in the course of his  employment, but if the driver were to assault a passing pedestrian for motives of  private revenge, the assault would not be connected with his job and his employer  would not be liable. The purpose of the doctrine of vicarious liability is to ensure  that an employer pays the costs of damage caused by his business operations. His  vicarious liability, however, is in addition to the liability of the employee, who   remains personally liable for his own torts. The person injured by the tort may sue  either or both of them, but will generally prefer to sue the employer.   Vicarious criminal liability may effectively be imposed by statute on an employer  for certain offences committed by an employee in relation to his employment. Thus  it has been held that an employer is guilty of selling unfit food under the Food Act  1984 when his employee does the physical act of selling (the employee is also guilty,  though in practice is rarely prosecuted). Likewise, an employer may be guilty of  supplying goods under a false trade description when it is his employee who  actually delivers them. For an offence that normally requires mens rea,an employer  will only be vicariously liable if the offence relates to licensing laws. For example, if  a licensee has delegated the entire management of his licensed premises to another  j:letson, and that j:letson has committed the offence with the nec~ssatymens YeQ, th~  licensee will be vicariously liable.   Vicarious liability for crimes may be imposed in certain other circumstances. The  registered owner of a vehicle, for example, is expressly made liable by statute for  fixed-penalty and excess parking charges, even if the fault for the offence was not  his. If the offence is a regulatory offence of *strict liability, the courts often also  impose vicarious liability if the offence is defined in the statute in a way that makes  this possible.   Scope of practice (the legal and professional boundaries imposed upon you as a nurse)   Advocacy (the nurses role as an advocate for the client)   Documentation   Open disclosure   The Coroner   An officer of the Crown whose principal function is to investigate  deaths suspected of being violent or unnatural. He will do this either by ordering an  *autopsy or conducting an *inquest. The coroner also holds inquests on *treasure  trove. Coroners are appointed by the Crown from among barristers, solicitors, and  qualified medical practitioners of not less than five years standing.   Colour. The normal colour of urine is pale straw or light yellow.   It is mainly due to the pigment urochrome and partly to urobilin.   Womens urine is slightly lighter.   If the quantity of urine is increased or there is a diminution or dilution of urinary pigments, it becomes lighter and rendered very pale as in excessive drinking, nervousness, anaemia, chlorosis, diabetes, hysteria, epilepsy, poluria, in general debility and in chronic interstitial nephritis. The colour of the urine will depend on the degree of concentration; the more concentrated-the darker; the greater the quantity of water -the lighter.   Acid urine is slightly darker than alkaline urine. Urine becomes deeper in colour, like orange or dark yellow or brownish red generally known as high coloured or concentrated urine and is due to uroerythrin and urobilin produced by increased haemolysis, as in. fevers, after journeys, in hot days, in nervous excitability and after bodily exercises. N ormal urine on standing for a time will have a white or sometimes a bluish white scum on the surface due to contamination and putrefaction.   Urine glairy, whitish in colour indicates admixture with pus or leucorrhceal discharges. Urine coloured smoky, brown, reddish, brownish black or black indicates admixture with blood and denotes haemorrhage. Urine coloured greenish yellow or greenish brown indicates admixture with bile and denotes jaundice and other affections of the liver. Urine coloured milky indicates admixture with fat or pus and denotes chyluria or any purulent disease of the genitourinary tract.   Urine coloured blue indicates typhus fever, admixture with methylene blue or when there is excess of indigogens. Many drugs after absorption colour the urine, such as yellowish orange by santonin and chrysophanic acid; reddish or orange brown by senna and rhubarb; dark olive green or black by carbolic acid and other coaltar derivatives while antipyrin reddens the u rine. Odour.   When just voided urine is faintly aromatic but after a few minutes its characteristic odour is urinous.   The odour of urine is due to phenol.   It becomes pungent in concentrated urine, when urea is liberated in excess.   It becomes ammoniacal and putrescent and the reaction becomes alkaline after sometime when this excess of urea takes up water and is converted into ammonium carbonate.   It occurs quickly in urine from chronic cystitis or from suppurating diseases of kidney and bladder i.e., when urine is mixed with pus; blood or excessive phosphates.   The odour of urine in diabetes and in acetonuria is slightly sweetish.   The characteristic odour of garlic, sandal oil, cubebs, copaiba are given off when they are taken internally.   Turpentine gives an odour of violets. Appearance, physical character or transparency is the naked eye appearance of urine. Normal urine is always clear when voided but when allowed to stand for sometime it becomes slightly hazy or turbid due to suspended particles or from a slight cloud of mucus and epithelium. After sometime there may be sediments at the bottom due to gravity. If the urine is ammoniacal or decomposed a white turbidity forms due to sedimentation of phosphates or from bacterial activity. The turbidity or sediment is due mainly to the following suspended particles:- Urates. Uric Acid. Albumin. Phosphate. Mucus. Oxalate. Pus. Blood. Micro-organisms. To distinguish one from another, first of all fill three fourths of a test tube with urine and very gently heat the upper portion of the urine, holding the test tube by the bottom.   Now note whether the urine becomes clear or a cloudiness appears in the boiled portion, comparing with the lower unboiled portion of the test tube.   If the urine is turbid and clears up on heating then it contains Urates.   If the urine is clear and becomes cloudy with heat, before boiling point, then it is Albumen.   If the urine is clear and becomes cloudy at the boiling point, then it is Phosphate.   To distinguish between albumin and phosphate add 3 or 4 drops of acetic acid on the cloudy urine.   If the cloudiness disappears, then it is phosphate; but if the cloudiness remains or thickens, then it is albumin.   Lastly to distinguish between albumin and mucin add 2 drops of nitric acid, if the cloudiness disappears, then it is Mucin, but if the cloudi ness still persists, it is albumin. The turbidity of carbonates will clear up with effervescence on addition of nitric acid whereas heat and acid increases the turbidity due to albumin. To distinguish between phosphate and oxalate take some fresh urine and add ammonia, when there will be a precipitate. If on the addition of a few drops of acetic acid, the precipitates disappear, then it is phosphate, if it remains it is Oxalate. Failing the heat test take some urine in a test tube, preferably from the bottom and add a few drops of Liquor Potassae. Mix it thoroughly and if it clears up, then it is mucus; but if it becomes gelatinous or ropy, it is Pus. Next, if the deposit is coloured then take some urine in a test tube, preferably from the bottom and add a few drops of caustic potash and gently heat a little.   If it is dissolved, then it is Uric acid but if there is a precipitate, note the colour of the coagulum; if it is reddish brown or bottle green, it is Blood. If the urine is turbid and there is no change either by heat or by addition of caustic potash and heat, then the turbidity is due to Micro-organisms.   They generally clear up on the addition, of watery solution of ferric chloride and ammonium hydrate and then filter the urine.   Sometime the character, colour and reaction will roughly denote the element. Urates-They look like moss and are yellowish white or pink in colour.   Reaction is generally acid. They deposit when the urine becomes cold.   Uric Acid-It is crystalline and reddish brown in colour, resembling a shower of cayenne pepper grains. Reaction is moderately acid.   Phosphate-It forms a thin deposit and is white or yellowish white in colour.   Reaction may be slightly acid, alkaline or neutral.   Mucus-It is a cloudy or woolly looking white deposit. Reaction is slightly acid.   Oxalate-It is soft, shining and white in colour. Reaction is generally slightly acid. Pus- It looks like a ropy or creamy deposit, and is white in colour.   Reaction is slightly acid or  alkaline. Blood-It is clotted or thready and is red smoky or brownish in colour.   Reaction generally alkaline or may be slightly acid. Micro-organisms-The deposit is slightly hazy and white in colour.   They generally stick to the sides of the glass. COMPLICATIONS OF FRACTURES The majority of fractures heal without complications. If death occurs after a fracture, it is usually the result of damage to underlying organs and vascular structures or from complications of the fracture or immobility. Complications of fractures may be either direct or indirect. Direct complications include problems with bone infection, bone union, and avascular necrosis. Indirect complications are associated with blood vessel and nerve damage resulting in conditions such as compartment syndrome, venous thromboembolism, fat embolism, rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of skeletal muscle), and hypovolemic shock. Although most musculoskeletal injuries are not life threatening, open fractures, fractures accompanied by severe blood loss, and fractures that damage vital organs (e.g., lung, heart) are medical emergencies requiring immediate attention. Compartment Syndrome Compartment syndrome is a condition in which swelling and increased pressure within a limited space (a compartment) press on and compromise the function of blood vessels, nerves, and/or tendons that run through that compartment. Compartment syndrome causes capillary perfusion to be reduced below a level necessary for tissue viability. Compartment syndrome usually involves the leg, but can also occur in the arm, shoulder, and buttock. Thirty-eight compartments are located in the upper and lower extremities. Two basic causes of compartment syndrome are (1) decreased compartment size resulting from restrictive dressings, splints, casts, excessive traction, or premature closure of fascia; and (2) increased compartment contents related to bleeding, inflammation, oedema, or IV infiltration. Oedema can create sufficient pressure to obstruct circulation and cause venous occlusion, which further increases oedema. Eventually arterial flow is compromised, resulting in ischemia to the extremity. As ischemia continues, muscle and nerve cells are destroyed over time, and fibrotic tissue replaces healthy tissue. Contracture, disability, and loss of function can occur. Delays in diagnosis and treatment cause irreversible muscle and nerve ischemia, resulting in a functionally useless or severely impaired extremity. Compartment syndrome is usually associated with trauma, fractures (especially the long bones), extensive soft tissue damage, and crush injury. Fractures of the distal humerus and proximal tibia are the most common fractures associated with compartment syndrome. Compartment injury can also occur after knee or leg surgery. Prolonged pressure on a muscle compartment may result when someone is trapped under a heavy object or a persons limb is trapped beneath the body because of an obtunded state such as drug or alcohol overdose. Clinical Manifestations. Compartment syndrome may occur initially from the bodys physiologic response to the injury, or it may be delayed for several days after the original insult or injury. Ischemia can occur within 4 to 8 hours after the onset of compartment syndrome. One or more of the following six Ps are characteristic of compartment syndrome: (1) pain distal to the injury that is not relieved by opioid analgesics and pain on passive stretch of muscle traveling through the compartment; (2) increasing pressure in the compartment; (3) paraesthesia (numbness and tingling); (4) pallor, coolness, and loss of normal colour of the extremity; (5) paralysis or loss of function; and (6) pulselessness, or diminished or absent peripheral pulses. Collaborative Care. Prompt, accurate diagnosis of compartment syndrome is critical.17 Perform and document regular neurovascular assessments on all patients with fractures, especially those with an injury of the distal humerus or proximal tibia or soft tissue injuries in these areas. Early recognition and effective treatment of compartment syndrome are essential to avoid permanent damage to muscles and nerves. Carefully assess the location, quality, and intensity of the pain (see Chapter 9). Evaluate the patients level of pain on a scale of 0 to 10. Pain unrelieved by drugs and out of proportion to the level of injury is one of the first indications of impending compartment syndrome. Pulselessness and paralysis (in particular) are later signs of compartment syndrome. Notify the health care provider immediately of a patients changing condition. Because of the possibility of muscle damage, assess urine output. Myoglobin released from damaged muscle cells precipitates and causes obstruction in renal tubules. This condition results in acute tubular necrosis and acute kidney injury.   Common signs are dark reddish brown urine and clinical manifestations associated with acute kidney injury (see Chapter 47). Elevation of the extremity may lower venous pressure and slow arterial perfusion. Therefore the extremity should not be elevated above heart level. Similarly, the application of cold compresses may result in vasoconstriction and exacerbate compartment syndrome. It may also be necessary to remove or loosen the bandage and split the cast in half (bivalving). A reduction in traction weight may also decrease external circumferential pressures. Surgical decompression (e.g., fasciotomy) of the involved compartment may be necessary (Fig. 63-15). The fasciotomy site is left open for several days to ensure adequate soft tissue decompression. Infection resulting from delayed wound closure is a potential problem after a fasciotomy. In severe cases of compartment syndrome, an amputation may be required. DEFINITION Compartment syndrome is a condition that  occurs when elevated pressure within a limited  space compromises the circulation, with  increased risk of irreversible damage to its  contents and their function. Acute compartment  syndrome is a surgical emergency.   ICD-10CM CODES 958.90 Compartment syndrome unspecified   958.90 Compartment syndrome, not  otherwise specified T79.A0 Compartment syndrome,  unspecified, initial encounter   M79.A11 Nontraumatic compartment  syndrome of right upper extremity   M79.A12 Nontraumatic compartment  syndrome of left upper extremity   M79.A19 Nontraumatic compartment  syndrome of unspecified upper  extremity   M79.A21 Nontraumatic compartment  syndrome of right lower extremity   M79.A22 Nontraumatic compartment  syndrome of left lower extremity M79.A29 Nontraumatic compartment  syndrome of unspecified lower  extremity   M79.A9 Nontraumatic compartment  syndrome of other sites   T79.A19A Traumatic compartment syndrome  of unspecified upper extremity,  initial encounter   T79.A21A Traumatic compartment syndrome  of right lower extremity, initial  encounter   T79.A22A Traumatic compartment syndrome  of left lower extremity, initial  encounter   T79.A29A Traumatic compartment syndrome  of unspecified lower extremity,  initial encounter   EPIDEMIOLOGY   DEMOGRAPHICS   Occurs most commonly after acute trauma,  especially with long bone fractures, comprising  75% of cases.   It usually occurs in persons Incidence is higher in males.   It can occur in other parts, such as the foot,  thigh, gluteal region, and abdomen.   Supracondylar fractures in children can commonly  lead to compartment syndrome.   6% to 9% of open tibial fractures are complicated  by compartment syndrome.   It is seen in all races and ethnicities.   PATHOPHYSIOLOGY   Compartment syndrome occurs when the blood  flow is less than the tissue metabolic demands,  causing tissue injury. It occurs when the intracompartmental  pressure increases limiting  venous outflow with rising venous pressure,  resulting in compromise of the local circulation  and tissue hypoxia with decreased arteriovenous  pressure gradient. Venous congestion additionally  leads to tissue edema and interstitial pressure,  and the compartment pressure continues to  increase. Compartment pressure ranges between  10 and 30 mm Hg of diastolic pressure are able  to cause the condition.   Different conditions are known to cause compartment  syndrome:   Conditions that limit compartment volume, such  as when patients have fracture casts, when  sedated or comatose patients lie on a limb for  a prolonged period, or when patients have tight  dressings that are applied externally.   Conditions that cause increased compartment  content, such as bleeding in the compartment  from vascular injury or diathesis, fractures or  finger injuries, reperfusion after ischemic injury  such as embolectomy and arterial bypass  grafting, severe bruising of muscle, and thermal  or electrical burn injuries.   Other injuries, such as extravasation of intravenous  fluids, injection of recreational drugs,  and snake bites.   PHYSICAL FINDINGS CLINICAL   PRESENTATION Signs and symptoms are usually apparent but  can be unreliable and can lead to delayed  diagnosis. Acute compartment syndrome can  worsen within hours; therefore serial examination  is important in a patient with suspected  compartment syndrome. Patients with tense  painful limbs are considered to have acute  compartment syndrome; however, diagnosis  is confirmed with the assessment of elevated  compartment pressure. Clinical signs and  symptoms include the following:   Pain disproportional to injury (the earliest sign)   Constant deep pain and pain that is referred  to the compartment on passive stretching  of the muscles of the affected compartment   (Fig. E1C-84, A) Reduced sense of touch or sensation (hypesthesia) within the territory of the nerve passing the compartment (in acute anterior  compartment syndrome, the patient may  have hypesthesia in the territory of the first  webspace)   Tense and swollen compartment (Figs. E1C-  84, B and 1C-84, C)   Muscle weakness   Paresis (late finding) that suggests permanent  muscle damage   Capillary refill can be slow but normal.   Peripheral pulses that are normally palpable  even in severe conditions   Tingling and numbness in the affected limb.  Hypesthesia or paresthesia should be evaluated  with pinprick, light touch, and two-point  discrimination tests.   Difficulty moving the extremities.   DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and  symptoms along with compartment pressure.   Compartment pressure testing may be unnecessary  if the diagnosis is clinically obvious.   DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Muscle strains   Cellulitis Gangrene Peripheral vascular injury Necrotizing fasciitis Stress fractures Deep vein thrombosis and thrombophlebitis Tendinitis Muscle contusion Tarsal tunnel syndrome Posterior ankle syndrome Popliteal artery impingement Claudication Tumor Venous insufficiency LABORATORY TESTS Diagnosis is based on clinical findings and  the measurement of compartment pressures.   Laboratory values are not useful in the diagnosis  of compartment syndrome but are important  for other diagnoses or associated conditions.   CBC with differential for evaluation of infection   Creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels, which  can rise as muscle injury develops   Metabolic panel for the assessment of electrolytes  and renal function   Coagulation profile for bleeding diathesis   Urinalysis for rhabdomyolysis   Urine and serum myoglobin levels   Compartment Syndrome   A B FIGURE 1C-84 C: A, Severe calf swelling due to  anterior and posterior compartment syndromes  after ischemia-reperfusion. B, Appearance after  emergency fasciotomy. Note edematous muscle  and hematoma. (Courtesy Michael J. Allen, FRCS,  Leicester, UK. From Floege J et al: Comprehensive  clinical nephrology, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2010,  Saunders.) http://internalmedicinebook.com   Compartment Syndrome 307 Diseases and Disorders IMAGING STUDIES Direct intracompartmental pressure measurement  can be done by handheld manometer,  wick or slit catheter technique, and simple  needle manometer system. Compartment   syndrome is diagnosed when the difference  between diastolic blood pressure and compartment  pressure (Ά pressure) is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤30 mm Hg.   Ultrasonography can be used to rule out deep  vein thrombosis, or Doppler ultrasonography  can be used to evaluate blood flow to the  extremity. Arteriography should be used to  evaluate the adequate blood flow through a  compartment. Near-infrared spectroscopy and technetium-  99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy  can also be used.   Radiography can be used on the affected  limb for fracture or foreign body evaluation.   TREATMENT   Treatment goal is to keep intracompartmental  pressure low and prevent tissue injury (Fig.  1C-84, D). NONPHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY Immediate relieving of all external pressure  on the affected compartment   Removal of casts, splints, and dressings   Placing limb at heart level to avoid decreased  or increased blood flow   ACUTE GENERAL Rx   Analgesics for pain Hyperbaric oxygen Hypotension can worsen tissue ischemia and  thus should be treated with IV isotonic saline. Fasciotomy of the affected compartment  is indicated if there has been >6 hr of  limb ischemia, or immediate decompression  should be performed when the compartment  pressure > 30 to 35 mm Hg.   Measurement of compartment pressure is  not necessary to perform fasciotomy if clinical  suspicion is high depending on history  and clinical examination.   When compartment pressures are trending  downward, it is often safe to delay emergent  fasciotomy, provided the Ά pressure is also  improving. CHRONIC Rx   Aftercare of fasciotomy wound: Wound is  inspected after 48 hours and dead tissue is  removed.   Wounds are left open, requiring later skin  grafting or delayed wound closure.   Opsite sheet and boot lace techniques are  also used for closing fasciotomy wounds.   Concomitant fractured bones should also be  stabilized with plating, external fixation, or  intramedullary nailing.   DISPOSITION With early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis  is excellent for recovery of the muscles and  nerves inside the compartment. The following  conditions can be prevented:   Permanent nerve damage/paralysis   Muscle contracture Gangrene Amputation Muscle necrosis Fracture nonunion Rhabdomyolysis that leads to renal failure Compartment syndrome that can occur in  open fractures Permanent nerve injury, which can occur after  12 to 24 hr of compression; mortality rates in  patients who need fasciotomy is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 15%. REFERRAL Patients with suspected compartment syndrome  should be referred promptly to orthopedic  and general surgery. PEARLS CONSIDERATIONS Universal precautions and aseptic measures are necessary for patients undergoing fasciotomy because the risk of local and systemic infection is high with the procedure. Invasive monitoring techniques should be undertaken with adequate analgesia so that patient immobility is ensured while the pressure is measured. Injection of local anaesthetics into the compartment can increase the pressure and pain and therefore should be avoided. Patients with fracture casts should be informed about the risks of swelling, and patients should also be encouraged to wear appropriate equipment while playing sports. A history of coagulation disorders and the use of anticoagulants should be mentioned in a patients medical history. Assault Assault has two different interpretations. 1. Traditionally called common assault and consisting of the making of an unlawful and intentional (or possibly only reckless) threat to inflict imminent force against the person where the victim was aware of the threat.   A distinction was previously maintained at common law between common assault and battery.   Increasing codification of criminal law has resulted in abandonment of this distinction and in Australia assault now commonly refers both to common assault and actual infliction of force.   Statutory provisions for the different states are numerous and terminology varies (e.g. offences of causing injury or threatening). 2. One of three ma

Living in an Apartment or Living in a House Essay

Throughout life I have stayed in many different places. Moving from the Philippines, Georgia, and then Texas has given me the opportunity to live in a wide variety of residences. My family and I have experienced residing in both apartments and houses. We have observed many differences in the two choices of homes and have become very knowledgeable of life in both dwellings. Living in an apartment or living in a house? When you are trying to save money and only have so much to spend each month, a lot of people would choose to rent an apartment. When renting an apartment, you choose to live in a smaller space and agree to all of the terms and conditions of a lease. Following these lease agreements may sometimes involve paying an additional amount to house a pet or to park in a specific spot. Renters must abide by all rules enforced by the apartment complex. Living in an apartment is not just following rules and paying rent, it can also provide many great things. Many people that are renting apartments are unable to afford essential appliances such as a washer and dryer or oven. Usually an apartment can either provide you with these necessary appliances or they will give you the option to rent them. With these issues taken care of, all you have to worry about is paying the rent, electricity, and the food you are eating. Apartments are ideal for an individual who is in need of a place to stay temporarily. While living in an apartment home, you will have to deal with the noises being made by your neighbors who live next-door as you are trying to sleep. Little annoyances like this may be a huge inconvenience to you if you have work the next day or need to study for a test in the morning. Some people crave an environment with more privacy or a bigger yard for their pets or children to run around in. When I was living in an apartment with my family, the apartment was too crowded for such a big family like mine. My parents could only bear to stay in the apartment for a short amount of time as we eagerly waited for our new house to get built. After six long months, we were more than ready to finally leave that tiny apartment behind. We left learning that something so small was not for our large family of seven. Once we settled into our house we absolutely loved it! The open space was more than enough for all of us. Living in a house is a great idea for people who have or plan on having a really big family. While living in a house you can have your own driveway, you have a lot of room to move around, and you don’t have to worry too much about a place to park. In a house, you don’t have to worry about the neighbors upstairs or next door making obnoxious noises and you aren’t walking on eggshells trying to abide by as many rules as an apartment complex. You don’t have to carry your trash down from second or third floor because you have your own trashcan in front of your house! A house can cost a little more money but I would consider it as an investment in a property. Unlike an apartment, your payment every month will benefit you in the long run. In an apartment, there are many rules when it comes to altering it. In a house you can do whatever you please. For example, you can change the color in the kids’ rooms, your kitchen, and the bathrooms. If you want, you are even allowed to alter the color of your carpet and all of the doors in the house! For some people, having a large kitchen where you can cook and a full-sized living room where all their friends and family can watch the game may be more appealing than a compact apartment space. Having a house is ideal if you need more space. For those of us who only need a room to stay in, I would advise them to rent an apartment. A house is good for a big family and people who want their privacy. In an apartment, you don’t have to worry about keeping up with all the appliances and have to cut the grass every two week in the summer. But either or they have their good and bad it is just really up to you to decide which whatever you prefer is good for you or and your family.

An analysis of the Maya Angelou poem “To a man” Essay

‘To a man’ is written by Maya Angelou, whose first novel was an autobiography of her varied life, (activist, singer, waitress, dancer etc.) called ‘I know why the caged bird sings’. She has written two collections of prose, ‘Wouldn’t take nothing for my journey now’ and ‘Even the stars look lonesome’. Angelou has written several famous poems, including ‘Still I rise’ and ‘On the pulse of the morning’ for the inaugeration of President Clinton. Maya Angelou now has a lifetime appointment as Professor of American Studies at Wake Forest University of North Carolina. The poem is about the man that Maya Angelou loves, and she uses a variety of metaphors and images to describe him to the reader. Maya Angelou has a very decisive style of writing and uses lots of modal verbs such as ‘is’ to convey her message to the reader. She writes poems to entertain people, and to be read aloud. I think this one is one of those poems because she uses full stops and capital letters to show when pauses should be given and which words need particular emphasis. This poem is serious, and thought provoking, and she uses unusual imagery to compare her man to. I like the style she uses to give meaning to her words, and how she uses punctuation and enjambement together which gives an interesting effect. The mood is quite happy, as she describes her man, who makes her feel warm and laughs through his own troubles. The poem does not follow conventional structure, or use syllabic sentencing on each line. The lines do not rhyme, and it is like Angelou has just written down her thoughts, without purposefully making them into a piece of poetry. The poem is twenty two lines long, and puts important ideas about the man on their own , or on a separate line to show the reader how important this aspect of the man is. ‘To a man’ is written from Maya Angelou’s own experience, and was about her first husband. It describes his personality, and likens him to a big cat. Angelou uses metaphors such as ‘My man is Black Golden Amber’ to begin the poem. The first line ‘My man is’ sets the scene and tells the reader that the poem is about the man Angelou loves. The word ‘My’, indicates possessiveness, unlike the title which is ‘to a man’, this could be any man. It is unsure why she writes to any man, not her own, but possibly it is to tell the m how great her man is and that she doesn’t need anyone else. The word ‘Black’ could be in reference to the skin colour of the man, or his personality, which could be evil, or depressed. I think it means ‘evil’ because of the later imagery used in the poem. ‘Golden’ implies that he is special, and precious as gold, as does the next word ‘Amber’ which is also a precious stone. The word ‘Amber’ gives the idea of warm colours, reds and oranges, which link in to the rest of the poem. The next line is simply, ‘Changing’ which means her man is constantly changing from Black to Golden to Amber, his personalities change. ‘Warm mouths of Brandy Fine’ I think this means that kissing him is like drinking brandy, and makes her warm which ties in with the warm amber colours used earlier. ‘Cautious sunlight on a patterned rug’ means that maybe her man is cautious sunlight, which links to the imagery of golden. Possibly Angelou thinks of herself as the rug, and he cautiously lights her up, and makes her warm again. The next line indicates that the man smiles through his troubles, ‘coughing laughter’ and that he has a particular smell, of ‘French tobacco’. ‘Graceful turns on woollen stilts’ shows that her man can not only walk on stilts made of wool, i.e.) do the impossible but also, turn on them gracefully, and make the impossibilities of life seem easy to her. The following line is simply ‘ Secretive?’, Angelou is asking herself a question about the man, is he secretive?, and then answers in the next line, ‘A cat’s eye’. I think that this indicates that he has depths and mystery like the cat’s eyes which swirl with hidden colours. He is not secretive, just has many layers that cannot be unravelled all at once. Cat’s eyes are golden and change colour with the light, which links in to the idea of the man’s temperament, also ever changing. ‘Southern’ is in it’s own sentence at the beginning of the next line which could show that her man is from the South , possibly American, like Angelou herself. The next sentence says he is ‘plump and tender, with navy-bean sullenness’, navy is traditionally a very masculine colour which could mean he is a very macho man. The next line re emphasises how tender the man is, it says simply , ‘The gentleness’. The fact that Angelou doesn’t use a lot of words to describe the gentleness suggests to me how gentle he is, she cannot use words to describe it, it is just there, which is in direct contrast from the sullen man who likes navy blue. This again gives the impression of an ever changing personality. The next line mentions a cat again, ‘A big cat stalks through stubborn bush’. This imagery has an air of menace about it, the cat using it’s gentleness to stalk, capture and kill it’s prey, a cat is graceful, and light but also can be deadly. This adds an air of danger to the man, is he as sweet as he first appears?. Angelou now asks if she mentioned amber, which links back to the start of the poem, and gives the reader the red, gold imagery again, and an idea of the warmth Angelou feels with her man. She likens amber to a ‘heatless fire, consuming itself’, which (as in other Maya Angelou) poetry gives the image of a cycle, forever consuming itself. Possibly the heatless fire is what she sees in her man’s eyes. The next line says ‘Again.Anew. Into ever neverlessness’ which shows the cycle again, and also could portray the image of a cat’s eye and the way the colours in that change. ‘My man is Amber’, this is a repetition of the first phrase, Angelou uses a definite metaphor to compare her man to Amer. She then repeats her third line, ‘Changing’, which again shows the way his colours change like Amber. The next line is ‘Always into itself’ , whi ch could be acting as a metaphor for their love, which also changes but remains the same. This is further shown in the last lines, ‘New.Now.New’ and ‘Still itself’. The poem ends with the word ‘Still† on a line o it’s own, with a full stop, this shows that their love is still, and the way he feels for her, unlike the colours doesn’t swirl and changed and is still. I think that Maya Angelou wrote the poem to describe the way her husband made her feel, and to keep a part of that feeling with her, for posterity. She writes to any man to let them know what she has, and to convey her deep love for this particular man. Another reason for her to write the poem is to try to make sense of the way her man acts, and the way his moods change. I think that Maya Angelou wrote this to show the complex emotions she feels about her man, possession, tenderness, love, and warmth all at once. The poem’s effect on me was that it showed me the way a woman felt about her man, and it helped me understand the deeper emotions of a relationship. I liked the way she used Amber to show how her man changed, because it wasn’t in a negative way, the Amber gave an impression of how precious he was, yet she changed her perspective with him. ‘To a man’ made me think about the images and metaphors used, and I enjoyed analysing it because now, I enjoy it more, knowing how Angelou felt when she wrote it.

Ronald Reagan Assassination Attempt

Ronald Reagan Assassination Attempt On March 30, 1981, 25-year-old John Hinckley Jr. opened fire on U.S. President Ronald Reagan just outside the Washington Hilton Hotel. President Reagan was hit by one bullet, which punctured his lung. Three others were also injured in the shooting. The Shooting Around 2:25 p.m. on March 30, 1981, President Ronald Reagan emerged via a side door from the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington D.C. He had just finished giving a speech to a group of trade unionists at the National Conference of Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO. Reagan only had to walk about 30 feet from the hotel door to his awaiting car, so the Secret Service had not thought a bullet-proof vest to be necessary. Outside, waiting for Reagan, were a number of newspapermen, members of the public, and John Hinckley Jr. When Reagan got close to his car, Hinckley pulled out his .22-caliber revolver and fired six shots in quick succession. The entire shooting took only two to three seconds. In that time, one bullet hit Press Secretary James Brady in the head and another bullet hit police officer Tom Delahanty in the neck. With lightening quick reflexes, Secret Service agent Tim McCarthy spread out his body as wide as possible to become a human shield, hoping to protect the President. McCarthy was hit in the abdomen. In the mere seconds that all this was taking place, another Secret Service agent, Jerry Parr, pushed Reagan into the backseat of the awaiting presidential car. Parr then jumped on top of Reagan in an effort to protect him from further gunfire. The presidential car then quickly drove off. The Hospital At first, Reagan didnt realize that he had been shot. He thought he had maybe broken a rib when he had been thrown into the car. It wasnt until Reagan began coughing up blood that Parr realized Reagan might be seriously hurt. Parr then redirected the presidential car, which had been heading to the White House, to George Washington Hospital instead. Upon arrival at the hospital, Reagan was able to walk inside on his own, but he soon passed out from loss of blood. Reagan had not broken a rib from being thrown into the car; he had been shot. One of Hinckleys bullets had ricocheted off of the presidential car and hit Reagans torso, just under his left arm. Luckily for Reagan, the bullet had failed to explode. It had also narrowly missed his heart. By all accounts, Reagan remained in good spirits throughout the entire encounter, including making some now-famous, humorous comments. One of these comments was to his wife, Nancy Reagan, when she came to see him in the hospital. Reagan told her, Honey, I forgot to duck. Another comment was directed to his surgeons as Reagan entered the operating room. Reagan said, Please tell me youre all Republicans. One of the surgeons responded, Today, Mr. President, were all Republicans. After spending 12 days in the hospital, Reagan was sent home on April 11, 1981. What Happened to John Hinckley? Immediately after Hinckley fired the six bullets at President Reagan, Secret Service agents, bystanders, and police officers all jumped on Hinckley. Hinckley was then quickly taken into custody. In 1982, Hinckley was put on trial for attempting to assassinate the President of the United States. Since the entire assassination attempt had been caught on film and Hinckley had been captured at the scene of the crime, Hinckleys guilt was obvious. Thus, Hinckleys lawyer tried using the insanity plea. It was true; Hinckley did have a long history of mental problems. Plus, for years, Hinckley had been obsessed with and stalked actress Jodie Foster. Based on Hinckleys warped view of the movie Taxi Driver, Hinckley hoped to rescue Foster by killing the President. This, Hinckley believed, would guarantee Fosters affection. On June 21, 1982, Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity on all 13 counts against him. After the trial, Hinckley was confined to St. Elizabeths Hospital. Recently, Hinckley has been awarded privileges which allow him to leave the hospital, for several days at a time, to visit his parents.